ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2016
The Biomechanics of the Modern Golf Swing: Implications for Lower Back Injuries.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and incidence of low back pain among runners: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Risk Factors Associated With Low Back Pain in Golfers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports healthPooled it
- The influence of game-based learning on tactical awareness and skill development in golf training programs.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Correlates of Maximal Driver Club Head Speed in Elite Male and Female Golfers: The Role of Maximal Muscle Strength, Power, and Anthropometry.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Return to Golf after corrective surgery in adult spinal deformity patients with long fusion constructs: A retrospective case series.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- The Acute Effects of Internal, External, and Golf-Specific Attentional Focus Cues on Isometric Trunk Strength in Youth Golfers.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Golf-Related Lower Extremity Injuries Presenting to United States Emergency Departments: A 10-Year Analysis (2013-2022).Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Enhancing golf swing performance through M1-targeted transcranial direct current stimulation: a double-blind, randomized crossover study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Establishing normative flexibility values for the thoracic spine of competitive male South African golfers.South African journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Improving Golf Swing Kinematics in a 78-Year-Old Golfer with Lower Back Pain: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2024Article
- Impact of Four Weeks of TOGU Training on Neuromuscular Control and Golf Swing Performance.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Human-Inspired Control of a Whip: Preparatory Movements Improve Hitting a Target.Proceedings of the ... IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics. IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics · 2024Article
- Potential neurophysiological and biomechanical risk factors for sport-related back problems: A scoping review.Sports medicine and health science · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Golf Athletes: A Championship in Portugal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Identifying Risk Factors for Preexisting or Developing Low Back Pain in Youth, High School, and Collegiate Lacrosse Players Using 3-Dimensional Motion Analysis.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Does Overhead Squat Performance Affect the Swing Kinematics and Lumbar Spine Loads during the Golf Downswing?Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Finding the Goldilocks Zone of Mechanical Loading: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanical Loading in the Prevention and Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A prospective study of injuries and illnesses among 910 amateur golfers during one season.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2024Article
- Location Matters-Can a Smart Golf Club Detect Where the Club Face Hits the Ball?Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Physiological and Biomechanical Monitoring in American Football Players: A Scoping Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The modern golf swing is a complex and asymmetrical movement that places an emphasis on restricting pelvic turn while increasing thorax rotation during the backswing to generate higher clubhead speeds at impact. Increasing thorax rotation relative to pelvic rotation preloads the trunk muscles by accentuating their length and allowing them to use the energy stored in their elastic elements to produce more power. As the thorax and pelvis turn back towards the ball during the downswing, more skilled golfers are known to laterally slide their pelvis toward the target, which further contributes to final clubhead speed. However, despite the apparent performance benefits associated with these sequences, it has been argued that the lumbar spine is incapable of safely accommodating the forces they produce. This notion supports a link between the repeated performance of the golf swing and the development of golf-related low back injuries. Of the complaints reported by golfers, low back injuries continue to be the most prevalent, but the mechanism of these injuries is still poorly understood. This review highlights that there is a paucity of research directly evaluating the apparent link between the modern golf swing and golf-related low back pain. Furthermore, there has been a general lack of consensus within the literature with respect to the methods used to objectively assess the golf swing and the methods used to derived common outcome measures. Future research would benefit from a clear set of guidelines to help reduce the variability between studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.