ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2016
The 3 Rs of Stroke Biology: Radial, Relayed, and Regenerative.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neuronal substrates of motor impairment after subcortical ischemic stroke: a functional neuroimaging meta-analysis.Brain structure & function · 2025Pooled it
- Feasibility of Wearable Devices for Motivating Post-Stroke Patients.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Dynamic structural connectivity changes in cortical and cortico-striatal strokes in mice.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Early Multimodal Motor Training After Stroke Promotes Motor Recovery and Whole-Brain Structural Remodeling.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Immediate Consequences of a Spinal Cord Injury During Development: Unique Insights From Ex Vivo Models.Neural plasticity · 2026Review
- Nrg1 regulates cortical wiring and motor recovery upon traumatic injury.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Review
- Repopulating Microglia Suppress Peripheral Immune Cell Infiltration to Promote Poststroke Recovery.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Wrap it up: myelination of transplanted neurons for repair.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic features of immune inflammation and neural plasticity associated with early neurological improvement in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Modular architecture confers robustness to damage and facilitates recovery in spiking neural networks modelingFrontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- S-Nitrosylation of Dexras1 Controls Post-Stroke Recovery via Regulation of Neuronal Excitability and Dendritic Remodeling.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- SDF-1 Bound Heparin Nanoparticles Recruit Progenitor Cells for Their Differentiation and Promotion of Angiogenesis after Stroke.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Diesel exhaust particles exposure exacerbates pro-thrombogenic plasma featuresJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Article
- Neuroprotective effect of the RNS60 in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Targeting Neurogenesis in Seeking Novel Treatments for Ischemic Stroke.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Inflammation in Chronic Cerebral Ischaemia.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Decoding the molecular crosstalk between grafted stem cells and the stroke-injured brain.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Self-Healing Injectable Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration.Chemical reviews · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Stroke not only causes initial cell death, but also a limited process of repair and recovery. As an overall biological process, stroke has been most often considered from the perspective of early phases of ischemia, how these inter-relate and lead to expansion of the infarct. However, just as the biology of later stages of stroke becomes better understood, the clinical realities of stroke indicate that it is now more a chronic disease than an acute killer. As an overall biological process, it is now more important to understand how early cell death leads to the later, limited recovery so as develop an integrative view of acute to chronic stroke. This progression from death to repair involves sequential stages of primary cell death, secondary injury events, reactive tissue progenitor responses, and formation of new neuronal circuits. This progression is radial: from the tissue that suffers the infarct secondary injury signals, including free radicals and inflammatory cytokines, radiate out from the stroke core to trigger later regenerative events. Injury and repair processes occur not just in the local stroke site, but are also triggered in the connected networks of neurons that had existed in the stroke center: damage signals are relayed throughout a brain network. From these relayed, distributed damage signals, reactive astrocytosis, inflammatory processes, and the formation of new connections occur in distant brain areas. In short, emerging data in stroke cell death studies and the development of the field of stroke neural repair now indicate a continuum in time and in space of progressive events that can be considered as the 3 Rs of stroke biology: radial, relayed, and regenerative.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.