ArticleStructure (London, England : 1993)2015
Structure of the Complex of Human Programmed Death 1, PD-1, and Its Ligand PD-L1.
Article in Structure (London, England : 1993), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 288 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
288 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The synergistic immunotherapeutic impact of engineered CAR-T cells with PD-1 blockade in lymphomas and solid tumors: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- PD-1 inhibitor-associated type 1 diabetes: A case report and systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- The PD-L1-mTOR intersection in tumor migration and invasion.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The expression and prognostic significance of immune checkpoint molecules across clear cell, papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma subtypes.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Cold and hot tumors: immunological determinants, cancer-immunity cycle dysregulation, and nanotechnology-driven therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Humanized Anti-PD-1 Antibodies Generated Using The Conditional Kernel-Elastic Autoencoder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Computational screening of Viola odorata cyclotides identifies Phyb C as potential PD-1 inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Design, synthesis and activity evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors.Smart molecules : open access · 2026Article
- One Face, Three Solutions: Structural Convergence in PD-L1 Inhibition across Antibodies, Macrocycles, and Small Molecules.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- In silico screen identifies Pranidipine as a potential inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mechanical force regulates the inhibitory function of PD-1.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- The impact of PD-1 mutations on pembrolizumab binding: insights from molecular dynamics and MM-GBSA analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- De Novo Protein Design Enables Targeting of Intractable Oncogenic Protein-Protein Interfaces.Biologics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 drives lung cancer progression in response to TLR stimulation by promoting autophagy through the TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axis.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- PD-L1 cell-intrinsic signals limit immune activation during cutaneous vaccinia virus infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Beyond Small Molecules: Applying Fragment Molecular Orbital Sygnature Platform (FMO-SP) to Emerging Modalities.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Targeting PD-1 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Flavonoid-based Therapeutics Unveiled throughCurrent computer-aided drug design · 2026Article
- Intracellular PD-L1: Functions, Regulation, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Small molecules targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis for cancer immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- The role of programmed cell death 1 in autoimmune diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
228 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immunologic checkpoint with monoclonal antibodies has recently provided breakthrough progress in the treatment of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and other types of cancer. Small-molecule drugs interfering with this pathway are highly awaited, but their development is hindered by insufficient structural information. This study reveals the molecular details of the human PD-1/PD-L1 interaction based on an X-ray structure of the complex. First, it is shown that the ligand binding to human PD-1 is associated with significant plasticity within the receptor. Second, a detailed molecular map of the interaction surface is provided, allowing definition of the regions within both interacting partners that may likely be targeted by small molecules.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.