ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2016
Comparative Genomics Identifies Epidermal Proteins Associated with the Evolution of the Turtle Shell.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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30 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunohistochemical study of α-keratin, loricrin, filaggrin-like protein, and transglutaminase-1 expression in orthokeratinized and parakeratinized epithelium of the tongue of domestic goose (Anser anser f. domestica) during embryonic development.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2026Article
- Systems-Level Proteomic and Biochemical Profiling of Plasma from Captive Indian Star Tortoise with Reactome Pathway Enrichment Analysis.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Structural and Functional Elements of the Epidermal Appendages in Birds and Reptiles: Conformations and Modes of Assembly of the Constituent β-Filaments and Keratin Intermediate Filaments (IF).Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Skin Appendage Proteins of Tetrapods: Building Blocks of Claws, Feathers, Hair and Other Cornified Epithelial Structures.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Convergent Evolution Has Led to the Loss of Claw Proteins in Snakes and Worm Lizards.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
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- Comparative genomics of sirenians reveals evolution of filaggrin and caspase-14 upon adaptation of the epidermis to aquatic life.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparative genomics of monotremes provides insights into the early evolution of mammalian epidermal differentiation genes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Development-Associated Genes of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC).Journal of developmental biology · 2024Review
- The Story of the Finest Armor: Developmental Aspects of Reptile Skin.Journal of developmental biology · 2023Review
- High-Quality Genomes of Pangolins: Insights into the Molecular Basis of Scale Formation and Adaption to Myrmecophagous Diet.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Evolutionary diversification of epidermal barrier genes in amphibians.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics defines keratinocyte differentiation in avian scutate scales.Scientific reports · 2022Article
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- Gene duplications and gene loss in the epidermal differentiation complex during the evolutionary land-to-water transition of cetaceans.Scientific reports · 2021Article
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- Creation of a peptide database of corneous beta-proteins of marine turtles for the identification of tortoiseshell: archaeological combs as case study.Royal Society open science · 2021Article
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- Cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation of keratinocytes in the developing beak and egg-tooth of the turtle Emydura macquarii.Protoplasma · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The evolution of reptiles, birds, and mammals was associated with the origin of unique integumentary structures. Studies on lizards, chicken, and humans have suggested that the evolution of major structural proteins of the outermost, cornified layers of the epidermis was driven by the diversification of a gene cluster called Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC). Turtles have evolved unique defense mechanisms that depend on mechanically resilient modifications of the epidermis. To investigate whether the evolution of the integument in these reptiles was associated with specific adaptations of the sequences and expression patterns of EDC-related genes, we utilized newly available genome sequences to determine the epidermal differentiation gene complement of turtles. The EDC of the western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii) comprises more than 100 genes, including at least 48 genes that encode proteins referred to as beta-keratins or corneous beta-proteins. Several EDC proteins have evolved cysteine/proline contents beyond 50% of total amino acid residues. Comparative genomics suggests that distinct subfamilies of EDC genes have been expanded and partly translocated to loci outside of the EDC in turtles. Gene expression analysis in the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) showed that EDC genes are differentially expressed in the skin of the various body sites and that a subset of beta-keratin genes within the EDC as well as those located outside of the EDC are expressed predominantly in the shell. Our findings give strong support to the hypothesis that the evolutionary innovation of the turtle shell involved specific molecular adaptations of epidermal differentiation.
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