Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26601222›Full record

ArticleScience advances2015

The rice immune receptor XA21 recognizes a tyrosine-sulfated protein from a Gram-negative bacterium.

Rory N Pruitt, Benjamin Schwessinger, Anna Joe, Nicholas Thomas, Furong Liu, Markus Albert, Michelle R Robinson, Leanne Jade G Chan, Dee Dee Luu, Huamin Chen and 20 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
130citing papers in PubMed
50.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

130 citing papers in PubMed, 302 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Mechanisms and balanced regulation of plant immunity.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Plant cell surface receptors.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Resistance gene againstFrontiers in plant science · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Rhomboid-mediated cleavage of the immune receptor XA21 protects grain set and male fertility in rice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  15. Development of Molecular Markers for Bacterial Leaf Streak Resistance GeneInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  16. Peptide hormones in plants.Molecular horticulture · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Tobacco (Frontiers in plant science · 2025
    Article

70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.

Rory N PruittDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Benjamin SchwessingerDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; The Australian National University, Research School of Biology, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
Anna JoeDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Nicholas ThomasDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Furong LiuDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Markus AlbertCentre for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
Michelle R RobinsonCentre for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
Leanne Jade G ChanJoint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Dee Dee LuuDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Huamin ChenDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Ofir BaharDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Arsalan DaudiDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
David De VleesschauwerDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Daniel CaddellDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Weiguo ZhangDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Xiuxiang ZhaoDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Xiang LiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Joshua L HeazlewoodJoint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Deling RuanDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Dipali MajumderDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Mawsheng ChernDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Hubert KalbacherInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
Samriti MidhaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India.
Prabhu B PatilCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India.
Ramesh V SontiCSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
Christopher J PetzoldJoint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Chang C LiuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Jennifer S BrodbeltDepartment of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Georg FelixCentre for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
Pamela C RonaldDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
University of California, Davis · USJoint BioEnergy Institute · USUniversity of Tübingen · DELawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · USUniversity of California, Irvine · USAustralian National University · AUCentre for Cellular and Molecular Biology · INThe University of Texas at Austin · US

Funding

Receptor Kinase-Mediated Signaling in the Innate Immune ResponseR01GM055962 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI RONALD, PAMELA C · 1999 to 2013
$2.9M
UV Photodissociation for Acidic and Basic Proteome CharacterizationR21GM099028 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI BRODBELT, JENNIFER S. · 2011 to 2012
$384k
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM055962NIGMS NIH HHS R21 GM099028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Surveillance of the extracellular environment by immune receptors is of central importance to eukaryotic survival. The rice receptor kinase XA21, which confers robust resistance to most strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is representative of a large class of cell surface immune receptors in plants and animals. We report the identification of a previously undescribed Xoo protein, called RaxX, which is required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity. Xoo strains that lack RaxX, or carry mutations in the single RaxX tyrosine residue (Y41), are able to evade XA21-mediated immunity. Y41 of RaxX is sulfated by the prokaryotic tyrosine sulfotransferase RaxST. Sulfated, but not nonsulfated, RaxX triggers hallmarks of the plant immune response in an XA21-dependent manner. A sulfated, 21-amino acid synthetic RaxX peptide (RaxX21-sY) is sufficient for this activity. Xoo field isolates that overcome XA21-mediated immunity encode an alternate raxX allele, suggesting that coevolutionary interactions between host and pathogen contribute to RaxX diversification. RaxX is highly conserved in many plant pathogenic Xanthomonas species. The new insights gained from the discovery and characterization of the sulfated protein, RaxX, can be applied to the development of resistant crop varieties and therapeutic reagents that have the potential to block microbial infection of both plants and animals.

Indexed as

Bacteriaimmune receptorsRice

Identifiers

PMID26601222
PMCPMC4646787
OpenAlexW2192715902

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.