Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26601172›Full record

ReviewScience advances2015

Collapse of the world's largest herbivores.

William J Ripple, Thomas M Newsome, Christopher Wolf, Rodolfo Dirzo, Kristoffer T Everatt, Mauro Galetti, Matt W Hayward, Graham I H Kerley, Taal Levi, Peter A Lindsey and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Science advances, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 236 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
236citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
81.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

236 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,188 citations in OpenAlex.

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176 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.

William J RippleTrophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Thomas M NewsomeTrophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. ; Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Christopher WolfTrophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Rodolfo DirzoDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Kristoffer T EverattCentre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.
Mauro GalettiDepartamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), C.P. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil.
Matt W HaywardCentre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa. ; College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Thoday Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL572UW, UK.
Graham I H KerleyCentre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.
Taal LeviDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Peter A LindseyLion Program, Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA. ; Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa.
David W MacdonaldWildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, UK.
Yadvinder MalhiEnvironmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
Luke E PainterDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Christopher J SandomWildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, UK.
John TerborghNicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, P. O. Box 90381, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Blaire Van ValkenburghDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA.
Nelson Mandela University · ZAOregon State University Cascades · USOregon State University · USDuke University · USPanthera Corporation · USStanford University · USUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) · BRUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large wild herbivores are crucial to ecosystems and human societies. We highlight the 74 largest terrestrial herbivore species on Earth (body mass ≥100 kg), the threats they face, their important and often overlooked ecosystem effects, and the conservation efforts needed to save them and their predators from extinction. Large herbivores are generally facing dramatic population declines and range contractions, such that ~60% are threatened with extinction. Nearly all threatened species are in developing countries, where major threats include hunting, land-use change, and resource depression by livestock. Loss of large herbivores can have cascading effects on other species including large carnivores, scavengers, mesoherbivores, small mammals, and ecological processes involving vegetation, hydrology, nutrient cycling, and fire regimes. The rate of large herbivore decline suggests that ever-larger swaths of the world will soon lack many of the vital ecological services these animals provide, resulting in enormous ecological and social costs.

Indexed as

defaunationendangermentextinctionhabitat losshuntinglarge herbivoresmegafaunatrophic cascades

Identifiers

PMID26601172
PMCPMC4640652
OpenAlexW2115006245

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.