ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2015
Betel quid use and mortality in Bangladesh: a cohort study.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inverse Association Between Betel Quid Use and Diabetes in Rural Bangladesh.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of oral squamous cell carcinoma at buccal and gingivobuccal sulcus sites: multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional study.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2025Article
- Maternal betel quid use during pregnancy and child growth: a cohort study from rural Bangladesh.Global health action · 2024Article
- Towards a replacement therapy for stimulant betel quid dependence: A proof of concept study.Addiction biology · 2024Article
- Treatment and mortality risk of older adults with non-small cell cancer in Taiwan: A population-based cohort study.Thoracic cancer · 2023Article
- Review
- Labor migration is associated with lower rates of underweight and higher rates of obesity among left-behind wives in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.Globalization and health · 2021Article
- A valuable experience.British dental journal · 2020Article
- Adverse Health Effects of Betel Quid and the Risk of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers.BioMed research international · 2017Review
- Periodontal diseases and carotid intima-media thickness in Bangladesh.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2016Article
- Smokeless Tobacco as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South East Asia Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the potential effects of betel quid chewing on mortality. (A quid consists of betel nut, wrapped in betel leaves; tobacco is added to the quid by some users).
methodsProspective data were available on 20 033 individuals aged 18-75 years, living in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Demographic and exposure data were collected at baseline using a standardized questionnaire. Cause of death was defined by verbal autopsy questionnaires administered to next of kin. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between betel use and mortality from all causes and from specific causes, using Cox proportional hazards models. We adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, educational attainment and tobacco smoking history.
findingsThere were 1072 deaths during an average of 10 years of follow-up. Participants who had ever used betel were significantly more likely to die from all causes (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09-1.44) and cancer (HR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.09-2.22); but not cardiovascular disease (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.93-1.43). These findings were robust to adjustment for potential confounders. There was a dose-response relationship between mortality from all causes and both the duration and the intensity of betel use. The population attributable fraction for betel use was 14.1% for deaths from all causes and 24.2% for cancer.
conclusionBetel quid use was associated with mortality from all causes and from cancer in this cohort.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.