ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Topographical mapping of α- and β-keratins on developing chicken skin integuments: Functional interaction and evolutionary perspectives.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-cell transcriptomic insights into lipoprotein transport in yolk sac membrane endodermal epithelial cells of chicken embryos.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Hierarchical Gene Cluster Regulation Across Vertebrate Skins: Developmental Control of Keratin Gene Expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemical study of α-keratin, loricrin, filaggrin-like protein, and transglutaminase-1 expression in orthokeratinized and parakeratinized epithelium of the tongue of domestic goose (Anser anser f. domestica) during embryonic development.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2026Article
- The Epithelial Egg Tooth of the Chicken Shares Protein Markers with the Embryonic Subperiderm and Feathers.Journal of developmental biology · 2025Article
- Sexually dimorphic sail feathers in the Mandarin duck as a model for lifelong developmental modulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Regulation of feather length: FGF/IGF signaling and NOTCH/YAP modulation of progenitor cell topology.Science advances · 2025Article
- Organizational principles of integumentary organs: Maximizing variations for effective adaptation.Developmental biology · 2025Review
- Skin Appendage Proteins of Tetrapods: Building Blocks of Claws, Feathers, Hair and Other Cornified Epithelial Structures.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Convergent Evolution Has Led to the Loss of Claw Proteins in Snakes and Worm Lizards.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Modification of Keratin Integrations and the Associated Morphogenesis in Frizzling Chicken Feathers.Biology · 2024Article
- Conserved regulatory switches for the transition from natal down to juvenile feather in birds.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Development-Associated Genes of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC).Journal of developmental biology · 2024Review
- Autofluorescence microscopy as a non-invasive probe to characterize the complex mechanical properties of keratin-based integumentary organs: A feather paradigm.Chinese journal of physics · 2023Article
- Transition from natal downs to juvenile feathers: conserved regulatory switches in Neoaves.Research square · 2023Article
- Molecular and Cellular Characterization of Avian Reticulate Scales Implies the Evo-Devo Novelty of Skin Appendages in Foot Sole.Journal of developmental biology · 2023Article
- The idiosyncratic genome of Korean long-tailed chicken as a valuable genetic resource.iScience · 2023Article
- Regional specific differentiation of integumentary organs: SATB2 is involved in α- and β-keratin gene cluster switching in the chicken.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2022Article
- Genome Assembly and Evolutionary Analysis of the Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata Reveal Strong Genome Conservation among Ducks.Genome biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics defines keratinocyte differentiation in avian scutate scales.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Analysis and comparison of protein secondary structures in the rachis of avian flight feathers.PeerJ · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Avian integumentary organs include feathers, scales, claws, and beaks. They cover the body surface and play various functions to help adapt birds to diverse environments. These keratinized structures are mainly composed of corneous materials made of α-keratins, which exist in all vertebrates, and β-keratins, which only exist in birds and reptiles. Here, members of the keratin gene families were used to study how gene family evolution contributes to novelty and adaptation, focusing on tissue morphogenesis. Using chicken as a model, we applied RNA-seq and in situ hybridization to map α- and β-keratin genes in various skin appendages at embryonic developmental stages. The data demonstrate that temporal and spatial α- and β-keratin expression is involved in establishing the diversity of skin appendage phenotypes. Embryonic feathers express a higher proportion of β-keratin genes than other skin regions. In feather filament morphogenesis, β-keratins show intricate complexity in diverse substructures of feather branches. To explore functional interactions, we used a retrovirus transgenic system to ectopically express mutant α- or antisense β-keratin forms. α- and β-keratins show mutual dependence and mutations in either keratin type results in disrupted keratin networks and failure to form proper feather branches. Our data suggest that combinations of α- and β-keratin genes contribute to the morphological and structural diversity of different avian skin appendages, with feather-β-keratins conferring more possible composites in building intrafeather architecture complexity, setting up a platform of morphological evolution of functional forms in feathers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.