ReviewThe Journal of hospital infection2016
Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination.
Review in The Journal of hospital infection, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 359 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
359 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 812 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Associations Between Wearing Masks and Respiratory Viral Infections: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in educational settings and at the workplace.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Mask decontamination methods (model N95) for respiratory protection: a rapid review.Systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review of indoor air sampling for virus detection.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of human coronaviruses survival on environmental surfaces.The Science of the total environment · 2021Pooled it
- Airborne spread of infectious SARS-CoV-2: Moving forward using lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.The Science of the total environment · 2021Pooled it
- Environmental Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus RNA in Health Facilities in Brazil and a Systematic Review on Contamination Sources.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Bidirectional association between COVID-19 and the environment: A systematic review.Environmental research · 2021Pooled it
- Meniscus-Mediated Imaging of Soft Biological Membranes Using 200 kN/m Ultra-Stiff 15 MHz MEMS AFM Probes.Journal of molecular recognition : JMR · 2026Article
- Association of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody response in individuals with prior Coronavirus infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Establishment and Validation of a Competency-Based Evaluation Indicator System for On-Site Disinfection Service Providers - Shanghai Municipality, China, 2023.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Pathogens on High-Touch Surfaces in an Arid Megacity: A Longitudinal Molecular Surveillance Study.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Tolerance of outbreak-associated Candida parapsilosis isolates to antiseptics in a dry surface biofilm model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Water microdroplet platforms for sustainable, reagent-free viral disinfection.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Article
- Environmental metagenomics enhances detection of circulating viruses from live poultry markets in Cambodia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of infectious pathogens in Alzheimer's disease neuroinflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Simultaneous detection of respiratory virus RNA on environmental surfaces in a university setting by a sensitive Surface 3-Step PCR platform.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Infectivity duration of HCoV-OC43, a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, in artificial bodily fluids on stainless steel simulating common nonporous surfaces.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
299 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viruses with pandemic potential including H1N1, H5N1, and H5N7 influenza viruses, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)/Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged in recent years. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and influenza virus can survive on surfaces for extended periods, sometimes up to months. Factors influencing the survival of these viruses on surfaces include: strain variation, titre, surface type, suspending medium, mode of deposition, temperature and relative humidity, and the method used to determine the viability of the virus. Environmental sampling has identified contamination in field-settings with SARS-CoV and influenza virus, although the frequent use of molecular detection methods may not necessarily represent the presence of viable virus. The importance of indirect contact transmission (involving contamination of inanimate surfaces) is uncertain compared with other transmission routes, principally direct contact transmission (independent of surface contamination), droplet, and airborne routes. However, influenza virus and SARS-CoV may be shed into the environment and be transferred from environmental surfaces to hands of patients and healthcare providers. Emerging data suggest that MERS-CoV also shares these properties. Once contaminated from the environment, hands can then initiate self-inoculation of mucous membranes of the nose, eyes or mouth. Mathematical and animal models, and intervention studies suggest that contact transmission is the most important route in some scenarios. Infection prevention and control implications include the need for hand hygiene and personal protective equipment to minimize self-contamination and to protect against inoculation of mucosal surfaces and the respiratory tract, and enhanced surface cleaning and disinfection in healthcare settings.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.