Observational studyAnnals of surgical oncology2016
Observation versus Resection for Small Asymptomatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Matched Case-Control Study.
Observational study in Annals of surgical oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03084770 (A Prospective Evaluation of the Management of Sporadic Asymptomatic Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ≤ 2 cm), which is not on this map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Evaluation of the Management of Sporadic Asymptomatic Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ≤ 2 cm
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Should surgery be conducted for small nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a systemic review.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Management of asymptomatic sporadic non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms no larger than 2 cm: interim analysis of prospective ASPEN trial.The British journal of surgery · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Predictors of disease progression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors after surgery.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
- Expression of ATRX, DAXX, PDX1, ARX, and somatostatin receptors in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a clinicopathological study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation therapies for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Patient-derived organoids for the personalized treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with liver metastases: A case report.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Outcomes Following Surgery for Pancreatic Neuro-Endocrine Tumours: A Single-Centre Experience.Clinics and practice · 2025Article
- Recurrent BEND2 Fusion Genes Identified by Whole Transcriptome Sequencing of Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Correlate With Poor Patient Prognosis.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Detection of Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres via Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization for the Prognostication of PanNETs and Other Neoplasms.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2025Article
- Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: studying real-world outcomes.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2025Article
- Prospective study on stereotactic body radiotherapy for small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: tolerance and effectiveness analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
- Characteristics and outcomes of observed versus resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2025Article
- Developing a Predictive Model for Metastatic Potential in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Small Insulinoma Followed-up as an Indolent Pancreatic Tumor.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Oncogenic pathway signatures predict the risk of progression and recurrence in well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo analyze the natural history of small asymptomatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) and to present a matched comparison between groups who underwent either initial observation or resection. Management approach for small PanNET is uncertain.
methodsIncidentally discovered, sporadic, small (<3 cm), stage I-II PanNET were analyzed retrospectively between 1993 and 2013. Diagnosis was determined either by pathology or imaging characteristics. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied.
resultsA total of 464 patients were reviewed. Observation was recommended for 104 patients (observation group), and these patients were matched to 77 patients in the resection group based on tumor size at initial imaging. The observation group was significantly older (median 63 vs. 59 years, p = 0.04) and tended towards shorter follow-up (44 vs. 57 months, p = 0.06). Within the observation group, 26 of the 104 patients (25 %) underwent subsequent tumor resection after a median observation interval of 30 months (range 7-135). At the time of last follow-up of the observation group, the median tumor size had not changed (1.2 cm, p = 0.7), and no patient had developed evidence of metastases. Within the resection group, low-grade (G1) pathology was recorded in 72 (95 %) tumors and 5 (6 %) developed a recurrence, which occurred after a median of 5.1 (range 2.9-8.1) years. No patient in either group died from disease. Death from other causes occurred in 11 of 181 (6 %) patients.
conclusionsIn this study, no patient who was initially observed developed metastases or died from disease after a median follow-up of 44 months. Observation for stable, small, incidentally discovered PanNET is reasonable in selected patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.