ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Measles Virus Neutralizing Antibody Response, Cell-Mediated Immunity, and Immunoglobulin G Antibody Avidity Before and After Receipt of a Third Dose of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine in Young Adults.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Evaluation of measles immunity in the central black sea region of Türkiye.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy in Rhesus Macaques of a Novel Recombinant Hemagglutinin Protein Measles Virus Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Gene Expression Factors Associated with Rubella-Specific Humoral Immunity After a Third MMR Vaccine Dose.Viruses · 2025Article
- Patterns of Decline in Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Neutralizing Antibodies and Protection Levels Through 10 Years After a Second and Third Dose of MMR Vaccine.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
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- Long-term Neutralizing Antibody Levels Against Measles and Rubella Viruses Among Adults With 3 Doses of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The decline of measles antibody titers in previously vaccinated adults: a cross-sectional analysis.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Article
- Causes of a Low Measles Seroprevalence among Young Healthcare Workers in Korea.Infection & chemotherapy · 2023Article
- The Influence of Sex, Body Mass Index, and Age on Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Against Measles After a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
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- Low Measles Seropositivity Rate among Thai Adolescents in the Thai National Immunization Program.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Immunogenicity after outbreak response immunization activities among young healthcare workers with secondary vaccine failure during the measles epidemic in Korea, 2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTwo doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine are 97% effective against measles, but waning antibody immunity to measles and failure of the 2-dose vaccine occur. We administered a third MMR dose (MMR3) to young adults and assessed immunogenicity over 1 year.
methodsMeasles virus (MeV) neutralizing antibody concentrations, cell-mediated immunity (CMI), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity were assessed at baseline and 1 month and 1 year after MMR3 receipt.
resultsOf 662 subjects at baseline, 1 (0.2%) was seronegative for MeV-neutralizing antibodies (level, <8 mIU/mL), and 23 (3.5%) had low antibody levels (8-120 mIU/mL). One month after MMR3 receipt, 1 subject (0.2%) was seronegative, and 6 (0.9%) had low neutralizing antibodies, with only 21 of 662 (3.2%) showing a ≥ 4-fold rise in neutralizing antibodies. One year after MMR3 receipt, no subject was seronegative, and 10 of 617 (1.6%) had low neutralizing antibody levels. CMI analyses showed low levels of spot-forming cells after stimulation, suggesting the presence of T-cell memory, but the response was minimal after MMR3 receipt. MeV IgG avidity did not correlate with findings of neutralization analyses.
conclusionsMost subjects were seropositive before MMR3 receipt, and very few had a secondary immune response after MMR3 receipt. Similarly, CMI and avidity analyses showed minimal qualitative improvements in immune response after MMR3 receipt. We did not find compelling data to support a routine third dose of MMR vaccine.
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