ArticleBMC cancer2015
Co-expression of parathyroid hormone related protein and TGF-beta in breast cancer predicts poor survival outcome.
Article in BMC cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and prognostic significance of parathyroid hormone-related protein in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies in women.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic and Immunological Implications of Telomere Maintenance-Related Genes in Breast Cancer: A Mechanistic Exploration.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Article
- Article
- Curcumin Inhibition of TGFβ signaling in bone metastatic breast cancer cells and the possible role of oxidative metabolites.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2022Article
- Prognostic and therapeutic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subtypes in breast cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2021Review
- Molecular insights into the interplay between adiposity, breast cancer and bone metastasis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2021Review
- Calcium Metabolism and Breast Cancer: Echoes of Lactation?Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research · 2020Article
- PTHrP, A Biomarker for CNS Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Selection for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-Negative Disease.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2020Article
- Curcumin, but not curcumin-glucuronide, inhibits Smad signaling in TGFβ-dependent bone metastatic breast cancer cells and is enriched in bone compared to other tissues.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2019Article
- TGF-β Sustains Tumor Progression through Biochemical and Mechanical Signal Transduction.Cancers · 2018Review
- Observational
- Co-expression and significance of Dok2 and Ras p21 protein activator 1 in breast cancer.Oncology letters · 2017Article
- Biglycan-mediated upregulation of MHC class I expression in HER-2/neu-transformed cells.OncoimmunologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBetter methods to predict prognosis can play a supplementary role in administering individualized treatment for breast cancer patients. Altered expressions of PTHrP and TGF-β have been observed in various types of human cancers. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of PTHrP and TGF-β level with the clinicopathological features of the breast cancer patients.
methodsImmunohistochemistry was used to examine PTHrP and TGF-β protein expression in 497 cases of early breast cancer, and Kaplan-Meier method and COX's Proportional Hazard Model were applied to the prognostic value of PTHrP and TGF-β expression.
resultsBoth over-expressed TGF-β and PTHrP were correlated with the tumor in larger size, higher proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis and later clinical stage. Additionally, the tumors with a high TGF-β level developed poor differentiation, and only TGF-β expression was associated with disease-free survival (DFS) of the breast cancer patients. Followed up for a median of 48 months, it was found that only the patients with negative TGF-β expression had longer DFS (P < 0.05, log-rank test). Nevertheless, those with higher PTHrP expression tended to show a higher rate of bone metastasis (67.6 % vs. 45.8 %, P = 0.019). In ER negative subgroup, those who developed PTHrP positive expression presented poor prognosis (P < 0.05, log-rank test). The patients with both positive TGF-β and PTHrP expression were significantly associated with the high risk of metastases. As indicated by Cox's regression analysis, TGF-β expression and the high proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis served as significant independent predictors for breast cancer recurrence.
conclusionsTGF-β and PTHrP were confirmed to be involved in regulating the malignant progression in breast cancer, and PTHrP expression, to be associated with bone metastasis as a potential prognostic marker in ER negative breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.