ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2016
The IL-12 Response of Primary Human Dendritic Cells and Monocytes to Toxoplasma gondii Is Stimulated by Phagocytosis of Live Parasites Rather Than Host Cell Invasion.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The m6A demethylase FTO regulates TNF-α expression in human macrophages following Toxoplasma gondii infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Latent Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors among patients with chronic kidney disease: a registry-based study.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Dual single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing reveal transcriptional profiles underlying heterogenous host-parasite interactions in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Early responses of primary human and bovine monocytes, monocytic THP-1 cells and THP-1 cell-derived macrophages to vitalFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Deficiency in astrocyte CCL2 production reduces neuroimmune control of Toxoplasma gondii infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Human neutrophil-like cells demonstrate antimicrobial responses to the chronic cyst form of Toxoplasma gondii.Parasite immunology · 2023Article
- Toxoplasma gondii microneme protein MIC3 induces macrophage TNF-α production and Ly6C expression via TLR11/MyD88 pathway.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Exploring the Association Between Latent Toxoplasma gondii Infection and COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: First Registry-Based Study.Acta parasitologica · 2022Article
- The strategies of NLRP3 inflammasome to combatFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Lessons from Toxoplasma: Host responses that mediate parasite control and the microbial effectors that subvert them.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Review
- Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Amplify the Innate and Adaptive Response.mBio · 2021Article
- Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells followingMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- The role of IL-12 in stimulating NK cells against Toxoplasma gondii infection: a mini-review.Parasitology research · 2021Review
- IFNs Reset the Differential Capacity of Human Monocyte Subsets to Produce IL-12 in Response to Microbial Stimulation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- High Prevalence ofJournal of parasitology research · 2021Article
- Single-cell RNA-seq reveals CD16Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Putative biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of congenital ocular toxoplasmosis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As a major natural host for Toxoplasma gondii, the mouse is widely used for the study of the immune response to this medically important protozoan parasite. However, murine innate recognition of toxoplasma depends on the interaction of parasite profilin with TLR11 and TLR12, two receptors that are functionally absent in humans. This raises the question of how human cells detect and respond to T. gondii. In this study, we show that primary monocytes and dendritic cells from peripheral blood of healthy donors produce IL-12 and other proinflammatory cytokines when exposed to toxoplasma tachyzoites. Cell fractionation studies determined that IL-12 and TNF-α secretion is limited to CD16(+) monocytes and the CD1c(+) subset of dendritic cells. In direct contrast to their murine counterparts, human myeloid cells fail to respond to soluble tachyzoite extracts and instead require contact with live parasites. Importantly, we found that tachyzoite phagocytosis, but not host cell invasion, is required for cytokine induction. Together these findings identify CD16(+) monocytes and CD1c(+) dendritic cells as the major myeloid subsets in human blood-producing innate cytokines in response to T. gondii and demonstrate an unappreciated requirement for phagocytosis of live parasites in that process. This form of pathogen sensing is distinct from that used by mice, possibly reflecting a direct involvement of rodents and not humans in the parasite life cycle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.