ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2016
IL-21 Is Important for Induction of KLRG1+ Effector CD8 T Cells during Acute Intracellular Infection.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microsporidia: evolution, infection mechanisms and host impact.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Chronic IL-21 exposure reshapes pulmonary environment, elevating risk of respiratory diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptional responses of T cells during microsporidia infection.Communications biology · 2025Article
- C5aRNPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- A Lower Dose of Infection Generates a Better Long-Term Immune Response against Toxoplasma gondii.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- CTLs Get SMAD When Pathogens Tell Them Where to Go.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Review
- Immune Response to Microsporidia.Experientia supplementum (2012) · 2022Article
- Natural killer cells in cancer biology and therapy.Molecular cancer · 2020Review
- Characterization of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in rabbits orally infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Against Microsporidia Infection in Mammals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Transcriptional Profiling of CD8+ CMV-Specific T Cell Functional Subsets Obtained Using a Modified Method for Isolating High-Quality RNA From Fixed and Permeabilized Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Dissociating STAT4 and STAT5 Signaling Inhibitory Functions of SOCS3: Effects on CD8 T Cell Responses.ImmunoHorizons · 2019Article
- Complex and Multilayered Role of IL-21 Signaling during Thymic Development.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- IL-21 Selectively Protects CD62LJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Interleukin-21 Induces Short-Lived Effector CD8Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Combination GITR targeting/PD-1 blockade with vaccination drives robust antigen-specific antitumor immunity.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Downregulated IL-21 Response and T Follicular Helper Cell Exhaustion Correlate with Compromised CD8 T Cell Immunity during Chronic Toxoplasmosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Environmental cues orchestrate regional immune surveillance and protection by pulmonary CTLs.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2016Review
- IL-21 and T Cell Differentiation: Consider the Context.Trends in immunology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microsporidia, a latent opportunistic infection associated with mild inflammation, is characterized by a strong CD8 T cell response, which has been shown to be CD4 T cell dependent. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that CD4 help is provided via IL-21 production, a common γ-chain cytokine closely related to IL-2. The peak of IL-21 expression, observed during the acute infection, is associated with an elevated IL-21(+) CD4 T subset, and these cells bear a phenotypic resemblance to T follicular helper cells. We observed that, during per-oral microsporidial infection, IL-21 was critical for the generation of an optimal effector CD8 T cell immunity. Sharply decreased effector KLRG1(+) CD8 response was observed in IL-21R knockout mice, and although these cells exhibited reduced functional properties, they retained the ability to proliferate. The role of IL-21 in the generation of CD8 effectors was cell intrinsic, as stronger defects were observed in the IL-21-deficient compartment from the bone marrow chimeric mice (IL-21R knockout/wild-type). These findings are different from those reported for viral infections in which IL-21 has been primarily associated with the generation and maintenance of CD8 memory response. To the best of our knowledge, this report demonstrates a critical role for IL-21 in the generation of a primary effector CD8 T cell response to an infectious disease model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.