ArticleBMC public health2015
Urban-rural disparities in child nutrition-related health outcomes in China: The role of hukou policy.
Article in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessment of health and nutrition status among children aged 5-9 years in Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey (2020).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Edentulism and Its Rehabilitation Among Older People in China.Gerodontology · 2026Article
- Parental depressive symptoms link family income to preschool child mental health in Western China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Rural-urban disparities in child nutrition in Tabora, Tanzania: a socioeconomic decomposition and implications for food security policy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Socioeconomic and Contextual Differentials in Memory Decline: A Cross-Country Investigation Between England and China.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Structural Determinants of Child Health in Rural China: The Challenge of Creating Health Equity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Internal migration and child health: An investigation of health disparities between migrant children and left-behind children in China.PloS one · 2022Article
- Comparison of Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices between Urban and Rural Secondary School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sabah, East Malaysia.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The relationship between urban and rural health insurance and the self-rated health of migrant workers in Southwest China.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Hukou-based rural-urban disparities in maternal health service utilization and delivery modes in two Chinese cities in Guangdong Province.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- Rural-Urban Inequalities in Poor Self-Rated Health, Self-Reported Functional Disabilities, and Depression among Chinese Older Adults: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011 and 2015.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Reduction but not elimination: health inequalities among urban, migrant, and rural children in China-the moderating effect of the fathers' education level.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Multi-Level Social Health Insurance System in the Age of Frequent Employment Change: The Urban Unemployment-Induced Insurance Transition and Healthcare Utilization in China.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Household Registration System, Migration, and Inequity in Healthcare Access.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Urban-rural disparities in health care utilization among Chinese adults from 1993 to 2011.BMC health services research · 2018Article
- Location orAsia & the Pacific policy studies · 2017Article
- Height inequalities and their change trends in China during 1985-2010: results from 6 cross-sectional surveys on children and adolescents aged 7-18 years.BMC public health · 2017Article
- Urban-rural disparities in hypertension prevalence, detection, and medication use among Chinese Adults from 1993 to 2011.International journal for equity in health · 2017Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHukou is the household registration system in China that determines eligibility for various welfare benefits, such as health care, education, housing, and employment. The hukou system may lead to nutritional and health disparities in China. We aim at examining the role of the hukou system in affecting urban-rural disparities in child nutrition, and disentangling the institutional effect of hukou from the effect of urban/rural residence on child nutrition-related health outcomes.
methodsThis study uses data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1993-2009 with a sample of 9616 children under the age of 18. We compute height-for-age z-score and weight-for-age z-score for children. We use both descriptive statistics and multiple regression techniques to study the levels and significance of the association between child nutrition-related health outcomes and hukou type.
resultsChildren with urban hukou have 0.25 (P < 0.01) higher height z-scores and 0.15 (P < 0.01) higher weight z-scores than children with rural hukou, and this difference by urban vs. rural hukou status is larger than the difference in height and weight (0.23 and 0.09, respectively) by urban vs. rural residence. Controlling for place of residence, children with urban hukou had 0.18 higher height z-scores and 0.17 (P < 0.01) higher weight z-scores than children with rural hukou.
conclusionsThe hukou system exacerbates urban-rural disparities in child nutrition-related health outcomes independent of the well-known disparity stemming from urban-rural residence. Fortunately, however, child health disparities due to hukou have been declining since 2000.
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