ArticleImmunology2016
Immunosuppressive evidence of Tityus serrulatus toxins Ts6 and Ts15: insights of a novel K(+) channel pattern in T cells.
Article in Immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Ion Channel-Targeting Toxins: Structural Mechanisms of Activation, Inhibition, and Therapeutic Potential.Toxins · 2025Review
- Article
- Harnessing the potency of scorpion venom-derived proteins: applications in cancer therapy.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2024Review
- Understanding the complexity ofThe journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2024Review
- Peptides with Diverse Functions from Scorpion Venom: A Great Opportunity for the Treatment of a Wide Variety of Diseases.Iranian biomedical journal · 2023Article
- The nociceptive response induced by different classes of Tityus serrulatus neurotoxins: The important role of Ts5 in venom-induced nociception.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Scorpion Venom: Detriments and Benefits.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels as Regulators of Cell Death.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- From Animal Poisons and Venoms to Medicines: Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives in Drug Discovery.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Kv1.3 Channel as a Key Therapeutic Target for Neuroinflammatory Diseases: State of the Art and Beyond.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- Scorpion toxins targeting Kv1.3 channels: insights into immunosuppression.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Effects of Brazilian scorpion venoms on the central nervous system.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is a novel target for immunomodulation of autoreactive effector memory T cells, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this study, the Ts6 and Ts15 toxins isolated from Tityus serrulatus (Ts) were investigated for their immunosuppressant roles on CD4(+) cell subsets: naive, effector (TEF ), central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM). The electrophysiological assays confirmed that both toxins were able to block Kv1.3 channels. Interestingly, an extended Kv channel screening shows that Ts15 blocks Kv2.1 channels. Ts6 and Ts15 significantly inhibit the proliferation of TEM cells and interferon-γ production; however, Ts15 also inhibits other CD4(+) cell subsets (naive, TEF and TCM). Based on the Ts15 inhibitory effect of proliferation of all CD4(+) cell subsets, and based on its blocking effect on Kv2.1, we investigated the Kv2.1 expression in T cells. The assays showed that CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells express the Kv2.1 channels mainly extracellularly with TCM cells expressing the highest number of Kv2.1 channels. We also provide in vivo experimental evidence to the protective effect of Ts6 and Ts15 on delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Altogether, this study presents the immunosuppressive behaviour of Ts6 and Ts15 toxins, indicating that these toxins could be promising candidates for autoimmune disease therapy. Moreover, this is the first report illustrating the involvement of a novel K(+) channel subtype, Kv2.1, and its distribution in T-cell subsets.
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