Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26594635›Full record

SynthesisJournal of neuromuscular diseases

Characterization of the Contribution of Genetic Background and Gender to Disease Progression in the SOD1 G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis.

Stephen R Pfohl, Martin T Halicek, Cassie S Mitchell

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of neuromuscular diseases. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. A Systematic Review of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Models in Rodents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
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  8. Elimination of senescent cells fails to attenuate disease progression in an ALS mouse model.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
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  11. RNAi-mediated silencing of SOD1 profoundly extends survival and functional outcomes in ALS mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Article
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  19. Review
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13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Stephen R PfohlGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Martin T HalicekGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Cassie S MitchellGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Funding

A New Approach to ALSK01NS069616 · NINDS · GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI MITCHELL, CASSIE S · 2011 to 2015
$641k
Identification of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinical PredictorsR21NS081426 · NINDS · GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI MITCHELL, CASSIE S · 2013 to 2014
$389k
NINDS NIH HHS K01 NS069616NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS081426
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequently used model to examine ALS pathophysiology. There is a lack of homogeneity in usage of the SOD1 G93A mouse, including differences in genetic background and gender, which could confound the field's results.

objectiveIn an analysis of 97 studies, we characterized the ALS progression for the high transgene copy control SOD1 G93A mouse on the basis of disease onset, overall lifespan, and disease duration for male and female mice on the B6SJL and C57BL/6J genetic backgrounds and quantified magnitudes of differences between groups.

methodsMean age at onset, onset assessment measure, disease duration, and overall lifespan data from each study were extracted and statistically modeled as the response of linear regression with the sex and genetic background factored as predictors. Additional examination was performed on differing experimental onset and endpoint assessment measures.

resultsC57BL/6 background mice show delayed onset of symptoms, increased lifespan, and an extended disease duration compared to their sex-matched B6SJL counterparts. Female B6SJL generally experience extended lifespan and delayed onset compared to their male counterparts, while female mice on the C57BL/6 background show delayed onset but no difference in survival compared to their male counterparts. Finally, different experimental protocols (tremor, rotarod, etc.) for onset determination result in notably different onset means.

conclusionsOverall, the observed effect of sex on disease endpoints was smaller than that which can be attributed to the genetic background. The often-reported increase in lifespan for female mice was observed only for mice on the B6SJL background, implicating a strain-dependent effect of sex on disease progression that manifests despite identical mutant SOD1 expression.

Indexed as

Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisDisease ProgressionGenetic BackgroundSuperoxide DismutaseAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsSuperoxide Dismutase-1SOD1 G93A proteinSuperoxide DismutaseSuperoxide Dismutase-1ALSAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosisforelimb tremorhindlimb tremorLou Gehrig’s diseasemotoneuron diseaserotarodtransgenic mice

Identifiers

PMID26594635
PMCPMC4652798

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.