ReviewFrontiers in neurology2015
Traumatic Brain Injury and Peripheral Immune Suppression: Primer and Prospectus.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as a Therapeutic Target in Traumatic Brain Injury: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of large animal models of combined traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Systemic inflammation alters the neuroinflammatory response: a prospective clinical trial in traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Trial
- A Dynamic and Complex Early Inflammatory Response in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Dual Platform Analysis.Inflammation · 2026Observational
- Scoping Review on True and Relative Bradycardia in Trauma: How to Approach Bradycardia in Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Innovative Biomaterials for Modulating Neuroinflammation and Promoting Repair After Traumatic Brain Injury.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Anti-PD-L1 therapy to prevent systemic immune suppression after polytraumatic brain injury in rats.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune dysregulation after traumatic brain injury: immunomodulatory strategies to prevent infectious complications.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Severity-stratified gut microbiome dysbiosis and systemic neuroinflammation in acute traumatic brain injury: a metagenomic and cytokine profiling study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Association of the prealbumin-albumin nutritional index with short-term mortality in hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Risk warning of systemic immune-inflammation index and coagulation parameters for hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with traumatic brain injury.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- The impact of traumatic injury on the respiratory system; a narrative review of injury-associated and clinically-induced mechanisms of trauma-associated pneumonia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- A conserved monocyte activation program links brain injury to systemic immune adaptation and clinical outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- HIPK2 protects neurons from oxidative stress and modulates central nervous system responses following traumatic brain injury.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- Theragenerative Nanomaterials: Integrating Therapy, Regeneration, and Diagnosis-Navigating the Shared Pathways Between Tissue Repair and Malignancy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The molecular architecture of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury: integrated omics reveal therapeutic pathways.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Observational
- The Neurological Metabolic Phenotype in Prolonged/Chronic Critical Illness: Propensity Score Matched Analysis of Nutrition and Outcomes.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association between traumatic brain injury and risk of developing infections in the central nervous system and periphery.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.Clinics and practice · 2025Review
- Predicting nosocomial pneumonia of patients with acute brain injury in intensive care unit using machine-learning models.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nosocomial infections are a common occurrence in patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are associated with an increased risk of mortality, longer length of hospital stay, and poor neurological outcome. Systemic immune suppression arising as a direct result of injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be primarily responsible for this increased incidence of infection, a view strengthened by recent studies that have reported novel changes in the composition and function of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system post-TBI. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie TBI-induced immune suppression is equivocal at best. Here, after summarizing our current understanding of the impact of TBI on peripheral immunity and discussing CNS-mediated regulation of immune function, we propose roles for a series of novel mechanisms in driving the immune suppression that is observed post-TBI. These mechanisms, which have never been considered before in the context of TBI-induced immune paresis, include the CNS-driven emergence into the circulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and suppressive neutrophil subsets, and the release from injured tissue of nuclear and mitochondria-derived damage associated molecular patterns. Moreover, in an effort to further our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie TBI-induced changes in immunity, we pose throughout the review a series of questions, which if answered would address a number of key issues, such as establishing whether manipulating peripheral immune function has potential as a future therapeutic strategy by which to treat and/or prevent infections in the hospitalized TBI patient.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.