ReviewBiology2015
Along the Axis between Type 1 and Type 2 Immunity; Principles Conserved in Evolution from Fish to Mammals.
Review in Biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seasonal Temperature Differentially Modulates the Immunotranscriptomic Performance in Atlantic Salmon Skin in Response to NaturalAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Interactions between gilthead seabream intestinal transcriptome and microbiota upon Enteromyxum leei infection: a multi-omic approach.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- PD-1 is conserved from sharks to humans: new insights into PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and SHP-2 evolution.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The impact of photodynamic therapy on immune system in cancer - an update.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Identification and expression analysis of Th2 immune-related gene IL4/13A in turbot (Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome.Fish and shellfish immunology reports · 2023Article
- Rejection of Lepeophtheirus salmonis driven in part by chitin sensing is not impacted by seawater acclimitization in Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Inflammation: A New Look at an Old Problem.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Tetraploid Ancestry Provided Atlantic Salmon With Two Paralogue Functional T Cell Receptor Beta Regions Whereof One Is Completely Novel.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Pathogenesis of End-Stage Renal Disease from the Standpoint of the Theory of General Pathological Processes of Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- A method for making alignments of related protein sequences that share very little similarity; shark interleukin 2 as an example.Immunogenetics · 2021Review
- Zebrafish IL-4-like Cytokines and IL-10 Suppress Inflammation but Only IL-10 Is Essential for Gill Homeostasis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Transcriptome sequencing supports a conservation of macrophage polarization in fish.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- A portrait of the immune response to proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in rainbow trout.Parasite immunology · 2020Review
- Photodynamic Therapy and Immunity: An Update.Photochemistry and photobiology · 2020Review
- Overexpression of T-bet, GATA-3 and TGF-ß Induces IFN-γ, IL-4/13A, and IL-17A Expression in Atlantic Salmon.Biology · 2020Article
- Ancient Cytokine Interleukin 15-Like (IL-15L) Induces a Type 2 Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Trends in the Immunomodulatory Effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Specific function and modulation of teleost monocytes/macrophages: polarization and phagocytosis.Zoological research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A phenomenon already discovered more than 25 years ago is the possibility of naïve helper T cells to polarize into TH1 or TH2 populations. In a simplified model, these polarizations occur at opposite ends of an "immune 1-2 axis" (i1-i2 axis) of possible conditions. Additional polarizations of helper/regulatory T cells were discovered later, such as for example TH17 and Treg phenotypes; although these polarizations are not selected by the axis-end conditions, they are affected by i1-i2 axis factors, and may retain more potential for change than the relatively stable TH1 and TH2 phenotypes. I1-i2 axis conditions are also relevant for polarizations of other types of leukocytes, such as for example macrophages. Tissue milieus with "type 1 immunity" ("i1") are biased towards cell-mediated cytotoxicity, while the term "type 2 immunity" ("i2") is used for a variety of conditions which have in common that they inhibit type 1 immunity. The immune milieus of some tissues, like the gills in fish and the uterus in pregnant mammals, probably are skewed towards type 2 immunity. An i2-skewed milieu is also created by many tumors, which allows them to escape eradication by type 1 immunity. In this review we compare a number of i1-i2 axis factors between fish and mammals, and conclude that several principles of the i1-i2 axis system seem to be ancient and shared between all classes of jawed vertebrates. Furthermore, the present study is the first to identify a canonical TH2 cytokine locus in a bony fish, namely spotted gar, in the sense that it includes RAD50 and bona fide genes of both IL-4/13 and IL-3/ IL-5/GM-CSF families.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.