ArticleViruses2015
Efficacy of a Trivalent Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Vaccine against Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackieviruses A16 and A6 in Mice.
Article in Viruses, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances on coxsackievirus A6 vaccine research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Estimating the nationwide incidence of coxsackievirus A6-associated hand, foot and mouth disease in China, 2008-2022.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Enterovirus A71 priorities, challenges, and future opportunities in humoral immunity and vaccine development.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- A New Human SCARB2 Knock-In Mouse Model for Studying Coxsackievirus A16 and Its Neurotoxicity.Viruses · 2025Article
- Vaccines in Dermatology-Present and Future: A Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Construction of a Vero cell line expression human KREMEN1 for the development of CVA6 vaccines.Virology journal · 2025Article
- A screening study on the detection strain of Coxsackievirus A6: the key to evaluating neutralizing antibodies in vaccines.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Enhanced production of recombinant coxsackievirus A16 using a serum-free HEK293A suspension culture system for bivalent enterovirus vaccine development.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Article
- Progress in research and development of preventive vaccines for children in China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Establishment of the 1st Chinese national standard for CA6 neutralizing antibody.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- A Bivalent Inactivated Vaccine Prevents Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 Infections in the Mongolian Gerbil.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Current status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- Epidemiological characteristics and trends of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Associated Enterovirus and the Development of Multivalent HFMD Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Efficacy of a coxsackievirus A6 vaccine candidate in an actively immunized mouse model.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- A hSCARB2-transgenic mouse model for Coxsackievirus A16 pathogenesis.Virology journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has recently emerged as a major public health concern across the Asian-Pacific region. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are the primary causative agents of HFMD, but other members of the Enterovirus A species, including Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6), can cause disease. The lack of small animal models for these viruses have hampered the development of a licensed HFMD vaccine or antivirals. We have previously reported on the development of a mouse model for EV71 and demonstrated the protective efficacy of an inactivated EV71 vaccine candidate. Here, mouse-adapted strains of CVA16 and CVA6 were produced by sequential passage of the viruses through mice deficient in interferon (IFN) α/β (A129) and α/β and γ (AG129) receptors. Adapted viruses were capable of infecting 3 week-old A129 (CVA6) and 12 week-old AG129 (CVA16) mice. Accordingly, these models were used in active and passive immunization studies to test the efficacy of a trivalent vaccine candidate containing inactivated EV71, CVA16, and CVA6. Full protection from lethal challenge against EV71 and CVA16 was observed in trivalent vaccinated groups. In contrast, monovalent vaccinated groups with non-homologous challenges failed to cross protect. Protection from CVA6 challenge was accomplished through a passive transfer study involving serum raised against the trivalent vaccine. These animal models will be useful for future studies on HFMD related pathogenesis and the efficacy of vaccine candidates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.