Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26592343›Full record

ArticleCurrent biology : CB2015

Evolutionary trade-off between vocal tract and testes dimensions in howler monkeys.

Jacob C Dunn, Lauren B Halenar, Thomas G Davies, Jurgi Cristobal-Azkarate, David Reby, Dan Sykes, Sabine Dengg, W Tecumseh Fitch, Leslie A Knapp

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current biology : CB, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Rethinking the frequency code: a meta-analytic review of the role of acoustic body size in communicative phenomena.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Nonlinear phenomena in mammalian vocal communication: an introduction and scoping review.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Vocal size exaggeration may have contributed to the origins of vocalic complexity.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Jacob C DunnDivision of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QG, UK. Electronic address: jacobcdunn@gmail.com.
Lauren B HalenarDepartment of Biology, Farmingdale State College, State University of New York, 2350 Broadhollow Road, Farmingdale, NY 11735-1021, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79(th) Street, New York, NY 10024, USA.
Thomas G DaviesDivision of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QG, UK.
Jurgi Cristobal-AzkarateDivision of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QG, UK.
David RebyMammal Vocal Communication and Cognition Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK.
Dan SykesImaging and Analysis Centre, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
Sabine DenggClinic of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
W Tecumseh FitchDepartment of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Haidlhof Research Station, University of Vienna/University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna/Messerli Research Institute, Haidlhofer Strasse, 2540 Bad Vöslau, Austria. Electronic address: tecumseh.fitch@univie.ac.at.
Leslie A KnappDepartment of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
University of Cambridge · GBFarmingdale State College · USNatural History Museum · GBUniversity of Sussex · GBUniversity of Utah · USUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Vienna · ATUniversity of Vienna · AT

Funding

European Research Council 230604
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Males often face a trade-off between investments in precopulatory and postcopulatory traits [1], particularly when male-male contest competition determines access to mates [2]. To date, studies of precopulatory strategies have largely focused on visual ornaments (e.g., coloration) or weapon morphology (e.g., antlers, horns, and canines). However, vocalizations can also play an important role in both male competition and female choice [3-5]. We investigated variation in vocal tract dimensions among male howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.), which produce loud roars using a highly specialized and greatly enlarged hyoid bone and larynx [6]. We examined the relative male investment in hyoids and testes among howler monkey species in relation to the level of male-male competition and analyzed the acoustic consequences of variation in hyoid morphology. Species characterized by single-male groups have large hyoids and small testes, suggesting high levels of vocally mediated competition. Larger hyoids lower formant frequencies, probably increasing the acoustic impression of male body size and playing a role analogous to investment in large body size or weaponry. Across species, as the number of males per group increases, testes volume also increases, indicating higher levels of postcopulatory sperm competition, while hyoid volume decreases. These results provide the first evidence of an evolutionary trade-off between investment in precopulatory vocal characteristics and postcopulatory sperm production.

Indexed as

AlouattaAnimalsBiological EvolutionCopulationFemaleHyoid BoneMalePhenotypeSexual Behavior, AnimalSocial BehaviorSpermatozoaTestisVocalization, Animal

Identifiers

PMID26592343
PMCPMC4635310
OpenAlexW1950296774

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.