ReviewCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2016
Immune-modulating properties of ionizing radiation: rationale for the treatment of cancer by combination radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Review in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- The KRAS-Variant and Cetuximab Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA oncology · 2017Trial
- Radiotherapy and Immune System Interactions Historical Perspectives and Clinical Advancements.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2026Review
- VISTA: bridging gaps in cancer immunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Patients with Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Article
- mJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- A prospective observational study of inflammatory mediators in cerebrospinal fluid after intraoperative radiotherapy of brain tumors.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- Combination Immunotherapy With Radiotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of Evidence.Cancer medicine · 2024Review
- PD-L1 Expression in Paired Samples of Rectal Cancer.Cancers · 2024Article
- Cellular interactions in tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression: new frontiers and implications for novel therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- SOX13 as a potential prognostic biomarker linked to immune infiltration and ferroptosis inhibits the proliferation, migration, and metastasis of thyroid cancer cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Modulation of PD‑L1 expression by standard therapy in head and neck cancer cell lines and exosomes.International journal of oncology · 2023Article
- Medical gas plasma technology: Roadmap on cancer treatment and immunotherapy.Redox biology · 2023Review
- Nanoparticle-Mediated Radiotherapy Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Antitumor Efficacy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2023Review
- A new target of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: regulatory T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Case report: Interstitial implantation radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and GM-CSF in oligometastatic platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Potential targets and applications of nanodrug targeting myeloid cells in osteosarcoma for the enhancement of immunotherapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Application value of self-management manual combined with case management superiority model in postoperative management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Concomitant with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Are Therapeutically Effective in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) In Vivo Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Enhanced toxicity to chemoradiation in a patient with Anti-Jo-1-antisynthetase syndrome.BJR case reports · 2022Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) utilizes the DNA-damaging properties of ionizing radiation to control tumor growth and ultimately kill tumor cells. By modifying the tumor cell phenotype and the tumor microenvironment, it may also modulate the immune system. However, out-of-field reactions of RT mostly assume further immune activation. Here, the sequence of the applications of RT and immunotherapy is crucial, just as the dose and fractionation may be. Lower single doses may impact on tumor vascularization and immune cell infiltration in particular, while higher doses may impact on intratumoral induction and production of type I interferons. The induction of immunogenic cancer cell death seems in turn to be a common mechanism for most RT schemes. Dendritic cells (DCs) are activated by the released danger signals and by taking up tumor peptides derived from irradiated cells. DCs subsequently activate T cells, a process that has to be tightly controlled to ensure tolerance. Inhibitory pathways known as immune checkpoints exist for this purpose and are exploited by tumors to inhibit immune responses. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on T cells are two major checkpoints. The biological concepts behind the findings that RT in combination with anti-CTLA-4 and/or anti-PD-L1 blockade stimulates CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity are reviewed in detail. On this basis, we suggest clinically significant combinations and sequences of RT and immune checkpoint inhibition. We conclude that RT and immune therapies complement one another.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.