Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26589781›Full record

ArticleXenotransplantation

Rat-to-Chinese tree shrew heart transplantation is a novel small animal model to study non-Gal-mediated discordant xenograft humoral rejection.

WeiLi Chen, Yuan Wu, Akira Shimizu, YinLong Lian, Masayuki Tasaki, Vincenzo Villani, Shannon Moran, JunJie Xia, Kazuhiko Yamada, ZhongQuan Qi

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Xenotransplantation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

WeiLi ChenOrgan Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
Yuan WuOrgan Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
Akira ShimizuTransplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
YinLong LianOrgan Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
Masayuki TasakiTransplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Vincenzo VillaniTransplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Shannon MoranTransplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
JunJie XiaOrgan Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
Kazuhiko YamadaTransplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
ZhongQuan QiOrgan Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
Xiamen University · CNMassachusetts General Hospital · USHarvard University · US

Funding

XENOGRAFT TOLERANCE THROUGH MIXED CHIMERISMP01AI045897 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Megan Sykes · 2000 to 2026
$71.9M
NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI045897
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

unlabelledSince α-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GalT-KO) pigs became available, there has been an increasing interest in non-Gal natural antibody (nAb)-mediated xenograft rejection. To better understand mechanisms of non-Gal nAb-mediated rejection, a simple small animal model without gene manipulation would be extremely valuable. Here, we tested whether the Chinese tree shrew (CTS), which is a small-sized mammal that is phylogenetically close to primates, could serve as a model for discordant xenograft rejection.

methodsStudy 1: Expression of α-Gal antigens in hearts and kidneys of CTSs and rats was assessed by IB4 lectin binding. Presence of anti-Gal and anti-non-Gal IgM and IgG nAb in CTS sera was tested by FACS using Gal+ and GalTKO PBMC as well as BSA-ELISA. Study 2: Rat hearts were transplanted into CTS recipients (group 1, n = 7), and CTS hearts were transplanted in rats [n = 10; seven received no immunosuppression (group 2) and three received FK506 + leflunomide (group 3)].

resultsStudy 1: Both CTSs and rats had α-Gal expression in hearts and kidneys. ELISA showed CTSs do not have anti-Gal nAb, and flow cytometry indicated CTSs have anti-non-Gal IgM and IgG nAb in serum. Study 2: Rat hearts in CTSs were uniformly rejected within 35 mins, while CTS hearts in rats continued beating until day 5 without immunosuppression, and up to day 8 with immunosuppression.

conclusionRat-to-CTS heart transplantation is a discordant xenotransplant model, CTS-to-Rat heart transplantation is a concordant xenotransplant model. CTSs are valuable small animals to study mechanisms and strategies to avoid non-Gal nAb-mediated xenograft rejection.

Indexed as

Disease Models, AnimalHeart TransplantationTransplantation, HeterologousAnimalsAntigensGalactosyltransferasesGraft RejectionHeterograftsImmunosuppression TherapyLeukocytes, MononuclearRatsShrewsSwineAntigensGalactosyltransferasesanimal modelcardiac transplantationChinese tree shrewsxenograft rejectionxenotransplantation

Identifiers

PMID26589781
PMCPMC5257258
OpenAlexW2249099616

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.