SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2016
Parental, In Utero, and Early-Life Exposure to Benzene and the Risk of Childhood Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Childhood cancer and residential proximity to petrol stations: a nationwide registry-based case-control study in Switzerland and an updated meta-analysis.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2022Pooled it
- Exposure to outdoor air pollution at different periods and the risk of leukemia: a meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- The association between air pollution and cancers: controversial evidence of a systematic review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Pooled it
- Vaccination and the Risk of Childhood Cancer-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- A comprehensive evaluation of the association between ambient air pollution and adverse health outcomes of major organ systems: a systematic review with a worldwide approach.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Pooled it
- Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2019Pooled it
- The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Linking Air Pollution and Hematologic Malignancies: From Epidemiology to Molecular Mechanisms.Current hematologic malignancy reports · 2026Review
- High Childhood Leukemia Mortality Rates in Mexico Associated to Water Contamination in Areas of Oil and Gas Extraction.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Occupational Benzene Exposure and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Safety and health at work · 2026Review
- Chronic lymphatic leukaemia in a worker with a long-term occupational exposure to petroleum product mixtures: a case report.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2026Article
- Association Between Petroleum Compounds Exposure and Risk of Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review.Blood and lymphatic cancer : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Causes of Childhood Cancer: A Literature Review (2014-2021)-Part 3: Environmental and Occupational Factors.Cancers · 2025Review
- Traffic-related air pollution exposure at birth and risk of childhood leukemia: results from the GEOCAP-Birth case-control study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Benzene Metabolism Is Dominated by a High-Affinity Pathway at Ambient Exposures with Implications for Cancer Risks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Exposures from Oil and Gas Development and Childhood Leukemia Risk in Colorado: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Public Health Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure Through Air, Water, Soil, and Food in Ghana: Possible Economic Burden.Environmental health insights · 2025Review
- Geographical approach analysis of the impact of air pollution on newborn intrauterine growth and cord blood DNA damage in Mexico City.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Environmental Pollution and Risk of Childhood Cancer: A Scoping Review of Evidence from the Last Decade.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Effect of In utero Exposure to Air Pollution on Adulthood Hospitalizations.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Benzene is an established cause of adult leukemia, but whether it is associated with childhood leukemia remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis in which we reviewed the epidemiologic literature on this topic and explored causal inference, bias, and heterogeneity. The exposure metrics that we evaluated included occupational and household use of benzenes and solvents, traffic density, and traffic-related air pollution. For studies of occupational and household product exposure published from 1987 to 2014, the summary relative risk for childhood leukemia was 1.96 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53, 2.52; n = 20). In these studies, the summary relative risk was higher for acute myeloid leukemia (summary relative risk (sRR) = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.72, 3.18; n = 6) than for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (sRR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.05; n = 14). The summary relative risk was higher for maternal versus paternal exposure, in studies that assessed benzene versus all solvents, and in studies of gestational exposure. In studies of traffic density or traffic-related air pollution published from 1999 to 2014, the summary relative risk was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.99; n = 12); it was higher for acute myeloid leukemia (sRR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.20) than for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (sRR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.08) and in studies that involved detailed models of traffic pollution (sRR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.49). Overall, we identified evidence of associations between childhood leukemia and several different potential metrics of benzene exposure.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.