ArticleBMJ open2015
Social determinants of HIV infection, hotspot areas and subpopulation groups in Ethiopia: evidence from the National Demographic and Health Survey in 2011.
Article in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wealth, income and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis in the Context of Co-Infection in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for HIV infection among adolescents and the youth: a systematic review.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review on HIV situation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2019Pooled it
- The effect of disclosure on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Resident based disparities in HIV testing among the general population in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Geostatistical point process modelling of HIV prevalence using disease progression and CD4 cell count dynamics.iScience · 2026Article
- Quantifying undetected tuberculosis in Ethiopia using a novel geospatial modelling approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends and spatial patterns of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence among men and women aged 15-49 in Sierra Leone: evidence from the 2008, 2013 and 2019 Demographic and Health Surveys.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Uncovering the impact of randomness in HIV hotspot formation: A mathematical modeling study.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 prevalence, drug resistance, and associated factors in the urban Ethiopian population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Syndemic mapping of HIV and other STIs in KwaZulu-Natal: a Bayesian spatio-temporal modeling approach using latent constructs.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Spatial mapping and predictors of ever-tested for HIV in adolescent girls and young women in Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Feasibility and Acceptability of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Self-Testing for Men of Middle-to-Upper Socioeconomic Status in Botswana: A Pilot Study at 4 Worksites in the Financial Sector.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Bayesian Spatial Modelling of HIV Prevalence in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Care during ART scale-up: surviving the HIV epidemic in Ethiopia.BioSocieties · 2022Article
- Clinics register based HIV prevalence in Jimma zone, Ethiopia: applications of likelihood and Bayesian approaches.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Development and validation of contextual measures of sexual harassment perceptions, experiences, and coping for women employees in Ethiopian hospitality workplaces.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study identifies social determinants of HIV infection, hotspot areas and subpopulation groups in Ethiopia.
designThe study used data from the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Sample blood tests from the finger pricks collected on filter paper cards were labelled with a barcode unique to each respondent. Spatial scan statistics and geographic information system tools were used to map hotspot areas of HIV prevalence. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify social determinants of HIV infection. POPULATION: A total of 30,625 adults (16,515 women and 14,110 men) were included from 11 administrative states of Ethiopia.
main outcome measuresLaboratory-confirmed HIV serostatus is the main outcome variable.
resultsHIV prevalence reached 10-21% in the central, eastern and western geographic clusters of Ethiopia. Multivariable analysis showed that individuals who were in the middle, richer and richest wealth quintiles had increased odds of having HIV over those in the poorest quintile. Adults who had primary, secondary and higher educational levels had higher odds of being HIV positive than non-educated individuals. The odds of having HIV were higher among adults who had multiple lifetime sexual partners than those with a single partner. An increasing odds of HIV infection were observed among adults in the age groups of 25-29, 30-34, 35-39 and 40-45 years compared with adults in the age group of 45-49 years. Merchants had higher odds of being HIV positive than those who were not employed. The odds of having HIV were higher among urban residents and females than among rural residents and males, respectively.
conclusionsThis study found statistically significant HIV concentrations in administrative zones of central, eastern and western Ethiopia. Geospatial monitoring and targeting of prevention strategies for specific population groups is recommended.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.