SynthesisInternational journal of epidemiology2016
Risk factors for transmission of Ebola or Marburg virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acceptability of the Ebola vaccine in the sub-Saharan African population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Transmissibility and Pathogenicity of Ebola Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Household Secondary Attack Rate and Asymptomatic Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Pooled it
- Ebola virus and Sudan virus infection in humans: a comparison to inform vaccine research and development.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Review
- An imported case of Bundibugyo virus infection, France, June 2026.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Infection prevention and control measures for Ebola and Marburg disease: a series of rapid reviews.BMJ open · 2026Review
- Review
- Evidence-Based Guidance for One Health Preparedness, Prevention, and Response Strategies to Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Community perspectives of Ebola Viral Disease in high-risk transmission border regions of Tanzania: a qualitative inquiry.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Ebola disease outbreak caused by the Sudan virus in Uganda, 2022: a descriptive epidemiological study.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Article
- Can Marburg virus be sexually transmitted?Health science reports · 2024Article
- Individual and household risk factors for Ebola disease among household contacts in Mubende and Kassanda districts, Uganda, 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The potential risk components and prevention measures of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Liberia: An in-depth interview with the health workers and stakeholders.Belitung nursing journal · 2024Article
- Epidemiological description of Marburg virus disease outbreak in Kagera region, Northwestern Tanzania.PloS one · 2024Article
- Preparation for the next pandemic: challenges in strengthening surveillance.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Filoviruses: Scientific Gaps and Prototype Pathogen Recommendation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Review
- The mortality, modes of infection, diagnostic tests, and treatments of Marburg virus disease: A systematic review.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Risk factors for Ebola virus disease among household care providers, Sierra Leone, 2015.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A mini-review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Review
- Ebola Virus Glycoprotein IgG Seroprevalence in Community Previously Affected by Ebola, Sierra Leone.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Estimating Risk of Introduction of Ebola Virus Disease from the Democratic Republic of Congo to Tanzania: A Qualitative Assessment.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Ebola virus disease outbreak that started in Western Africa in 2013 was unprecedented because it spread within densely populated urban environments and affected many thousands of people. As a result, previous advice and guidelines need to be critically reviewed, especially with regard to transmission risks in different contexts.
methodsScientific and grey literature were searched for articles about any African filovirus. Articles were screened for information about transmission (prevalence or odds ratios especially). Data were extracted from eligible articles and summarized narratively with partial meta-analysis. Study quality was also evaluated.
resultsA total of 31 reports were selected from 6552 found in the initial search. Eight papers gave numerical odds for contracting filovirus illness; 23 further articles provided supporting anecdotal observations about how transmission probably occurred for individuals. Many forms of contact (conversation, sharing a meal, sharing a bed, direct or indirect touching) were unlikely to result in disease transmission during incubation or early illness. Among household contacts who reported directly touching a case, the attack rate was 32% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26-38%]. Risk of disease transmission between household members without direct contact was low (1%; 95% CI 0-5%). Caring for a case in the community, especially until death, and participation in traditional funeral rites were strongly associated with acquiring disease, probably due to a high degree of direct physical contact with case or cadaver.
conclusionsTransmission of filovirus is unlikely except through close contact, especially during the most severe stages of acute illness. More data are needed about the context, intimacy and timing of contact required to raise the odds of disease transmission. Risk factors specific to urban settings may need to be determined.
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Registered trials
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