ReviewThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics2016
Protoporphyrin IX: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.
Review in The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploit the γ-Glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green fluorescence in surgical resection: A systematic literature review on clinical indications, fields of application and outcomes.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Photoprotection properties of clothing measured across ultraviolet and visible wavelengths.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Article
- A review of the iron requirements and its determination in commercial poultry.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Review
- Oxidation of Uroporphyrinogens During Heme Synthesis: Role of Iron, Susceptibility and Consequences.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Conjugates of Heme and Intrinsically Disordered Peptides toward the Development of Synthetic Artificial Oxygen Carriers.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- Review
- Updates to gene-disease classifications and inheritance patterns for porphyrias.Molecular genetics and metabolism · 2026Article
- Metabolomic Profiling of Squid Chromatophores Reveals Differential Biochemical Fingerprints across Red, Yellow, and Brown Colors.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- The Queen and the Dark Twin: Heme, Protoporphyrin IX, and State Transitions in Liver Metabolism.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Investigating the Efficacy of Various Photosensitizers and Irradiation Strategies in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation on Different Types of Microbes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Hafnium Oxide-Based Nanostructures as Powders and in Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels for Light-Assisted Processes.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Decoding the metabolic cipher of dormant cancer cells: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Russian Dolls of Heme Metabolism in Malaria-Infected Red Blood Cells: Nested Vulnerabilities and Therapeutic Opportunities.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Doubly protected ester prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for enhanced cell uptake and photoinactivation.Research square · 2026Article
- Exploiting endogenous Protoporphyrin IX for Photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Journal of fluorescence · 2026Article
- Porphyromonas gingivalis produces a functional HemH ferrochelatase important for its survival in a heme-limited environment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Infrared Photobiomodulation Modulates PpIX Production After Topical Methyl Aminolevulinate in Normal Human Skin: An Exploratory Study.Journal of biophotonics · 2026Article
- Regulation of mitochondrial iron homeostasis in tumor cells.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Hepatoprotective potential of Urochloa distachya (L.) ethanol extract against paracetamol and CClInflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Imaging lymphatic function and inflammation response through hypoxia via endogenous biomarker.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is ubiquitously present in all living cells in small amounts as a precursor of heme. PPIX has some biologic functions of its own, and PPIX-based strategies have been used for cancer diagnosis and treatment (the good). PPIX serves as the substrate for ferrochelatase, the final enzyme in heme biosynthesis, and its homeostasis is tightly regulated during heme synthesis. Accumulation of PPIX in human porphyrias can cause skin photosensitivity, biliary stones, hepatobiliary damage, and even liver failure (the bad and the ugly). In this work, we review the mechanisms that are associated with the broad aspects of PPIX. Because PPIX is a hydrophobic molecule, its disposition is by hepatic rather than renal excretion. Large amounts of PPIX are toxic to the liver and can cause cholestatic liver injury. Application of PPIX in cancer diagnosis and treatment is based on its photodynamic effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.