ArticleImmunity2015
A Wave of Regulatory T Cells into Neonatal Skin Mediates Tolerance to Commensal Microbes.
Article in Immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 328 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
328 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Extreme temperatures and the epithelial barrier theory.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Beyond immune suppression: regenerative programs in regulatory T cells.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- The potential effects, mechanisms and translational perspectives of natural products in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cells in the skin: Origin, function, and plasticity.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Review
- Peri-weaning, diet-induced activation of an IFNγ-mediated regulatory circuit promotes cDC1 maturation and CD8Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- T-betThe FEBS journal · 2026Article
- Skin Microbiome in Health and Disease: Dysbiosis and the Emerging Role of Biotics in Therapy and Protection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells support IL-15-dependent Treg response in skin injury and promote resolution of skin inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- The human breast milk microbiome: a landscape review of its composition, origins, and impact on infant health.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- The human skin virome: Ecological dynamics, aberrant profiles, and therapeutic opportunities.Cell host & microbe · 2026Review
- CD38 expression by neonatal human naive CD4+ T cells shapes their distinct metabolic and tolerogenic properties.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- A One Health Decalogue for Breastfeeding: Microbiota-Targeted Strategies for Infant Gastrointestinal and Neurodevelopmental Health.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Antibiotic use in early life impairs MAIT cell-mediated immunity in adulthood.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: How a common bacterium exploits and drives disease.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis.The Journal of dermatology · 2026Review
268 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The skin is a site of constant dialog between the immune system and commensal bacteria. However, the molecular mechanisms that allow us to tolerate the presence of skin commensals without eliciting destructive inflammation are unknown. Using a model system to study the antigen-specific response to S. epidermidis, we demonstrated that skin colonization during a defined period of neonatal life was required for establishing immune tolerance to commensal microbes. This crucial window was characterized by an abrupt influx of highly activated regulatory T (Treg) cells into neonatal skin. Selective inhibition of this Treg cell wave completely abrogated tolerance. Thus, the host-commensal relationship in the skin relied on a unique Treg cell population that mediated tolerance to bacterial antigens during a defined developmental window. This suggests that the cutaneous microbiome composition in neonatal life is crucial in shaping adaptive immune responses to commensals, and disrupting these interactions might have enduring health implications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.