ArticleAIDS (London, England)2016
Validation of a screening tool to identify older children living with HIV in primary care facilities in high HIV prevalence settings.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk-Based Screening Tools to Optimise HIV Testing Services: a Systematic Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Public health implications of diagnosing and treating acute HIV.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Article
- Acceptability and usability of a paediatric HIV screening tool in high-volume outpatient settings in Malawi, perspectives from caregivers and healthcare workers.BMJ paediatrics open · 2023Article
- Adapting strategies for effective and efficient pediatric HIV case finding in low prevalence countries: risk screening tool for testing children presenting at high-risk entry points in Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Cost-effectiveness of Routine Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling for Children With Undiagnosed HIV in South Africa.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Treatment-adjusted prevalence to assess HIV testing programmes.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2021Article
- Finding Children Living With HIV in Low-prevalence Countries: HIV Prevalence and Testing Yield From 5 Entry Points in Ethiopia.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- Comparison of index-linked HIV testing for children and adolescents in health facility and community settings in Zimbabwe: findings from the interventional B-GAP study.The lancet. HIV · 2021Article
- Development and Validation of a Sociodemographic and Behavioral Characteristics-Based Risk-Score Algorithm for Targeting HIV Testing Among Adults in Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Observational
- Article
- Implementation of blanket provider-initiated testing and counselling: Predictors of HIV seropositivity among infants, children and adolescents in Cameroon.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2020Article
- Article
- Brief Report: Diagnostic Accuracy of Oral Mucosal Transudate Tests Compared with Blood-Based Rapid Tests for HIV Among Children Aged 18 Months to 18 Years in Kenya and Zimbabwe.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Clinical and operational factors associated with low pediatric inpatient HIV testing coverage in Mozambique.Public health action · 2019Article
- Article
- Strategies for Identifying and Linking HIV-Infected Infants, Children, and Adolescents to HIV Treatment Services in Resource Limited Settings.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Screening tool to identify adolescents living with HIV in a community setting in Zimbabwe: A validation study.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe previously proposed a simple tool consisting of five items to screen for risk of HIV infection in adolescents (10-19 years) in Zimbabwe. The objective of this study is to validate the performance of this screening tool in children aged 6-15 years attending primary healthcare facilities in Zimbabwe.
methodsChildren who had not been previously tested for HIV underwent testing with caregiver consent. The screening tool was modified to include four of the original five items to be appropriate for the younger age range, and was administered. A receiver operator characteristic analysis was conducted to determine a suitable cut-off score. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the modified tool were assessed against the HIV test result.
resultsA total of 9568 children, median age 9 (interquartile, IQR: 7-11) years and 4971 (52%) men, underwent HIV testing. HIV prevalence was 4.7% (95% confidence interval, CI:4.2-5.1%) and increased from 1.4% among those scoring zero on the tool to 63.6% among those scoring four (P < 0.001). Using a score of not less than one as the cut-off for HIV testing, the tool had a sensitivity of 80.4% (95% CI:76.5-84.0%), specificity of 66.3% (95% CI:65.3-67.2%), positive predictive value of 10.4% and a negative predictive value of 98.6%. The number needed to screen to identify one child living with HIV would drop from 22 to 10 if this screening tool was used.
conclusionThe screening tool is a simple and sensitive method to identify children living with HIV in this setting. It can be used by lay healthcare workers and help prioritize limited resources.
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Registered trials
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