ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
Arenavirus Glycan Shield Promotes Neutralizing Antibody Evasion and Protracted Infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers.
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Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Going wild: prioritizing experimental models of rodent-borne viruses to decode zoonotic spillover and pandemic risk.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Development and protective evaluation of mRNA vaccines encoding the glycoprotein precursor of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.Virus research · 2026Article
- Chronic infection perturbs the affinity hierarchy of antiviral B cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- B cell immunity to the Lassa virus glycoprotein is a correlate of vaccination-induced virus control in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Genomic characterization of Sabiá virus in Brazil, 2019-2020: Implications for diagnostics, virus evolution, and receptor binding.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Innate immune activation profiles are associated with polarization of the T cell response to recombinant arenaviral vectors.Frontiers in systems biology · 2026Article
- Orf virus-based vectors induce potent germinal center B cell, Tfh cell, and CD8Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- The Biological Characteristics and Mouse Model of Lassa Virus From the First Imported Case in China.MedComm · 2025Article
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- Infusion of neutralization into Lassa vaccine design.Trends in immunology · 2025Review
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- SIV-specific neutralizing antibody induction following selection of a PI3K drive-attenuatedeLife · 2025Article
- Rapid glycoprotein evolution enables variant interactions in herpes simplex virus type 1.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Development and characterization of a reverse genetics system for the lineage II Chicava strain of Machupo virus in a guinea pig model.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Evolution of Zika virus inVirus evolution · 2025Article
- Glycan masking in immunogen design: computational and experimental methods.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Arenaviruses such as Lassa virus (LASV) can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. As a major impediment to vaccine development, delayed and weak neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses represent a unifying characteristic of both natural infection and all vaccine candidates tested to date. To investigate the mechanisms underlying arenavirus nAb evasion we engineered several arenavirus envelope-chimeric viruses and glycan-deficient variants thereof. We performed neutralization tests with sera from experimentally infected mice and from LASV-convalescent human patients. NAb response kinetics in mice correlated inversely with the N-linked glycan density in the arenavirus envelope protein's globular head. Additionally and most intriguingly, infection with fully glycosylated viruses elicited antibodies, which neutralized predominantly their glycan-deficient variants, both in mice and humans. Binding studies with monoclonal antibodies indicated that envelope glycans reduced nAb on-rate, occupancy and thereby counteracted virus neutralization. In infected mice, the envelope glycan shield promoted protracted viral infection by preventing its timely elimination by the ensuing antibody response. Thus, arenavirus envelope glycosylation impairs the protective efficacy rather than the induction of nAbs, and thereby prevents efficient antibody-mediated virus control. This immune evasion mechanism imposes limitations on antibody-based vaccination and convalescent serum therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.