ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2016
The objectivity of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in naturalistic clinical settings.
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Utility of the ADOS-2 and the ADI-R in Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Autism and Cortical Thickness Deviation From Neurotypical Controls: Evidence for a Spatial Association With Serotonin Receptors.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Disparities in Receipt of Early Intervention Services by Toddlers with Autism Diagnoses: an Intersectional Latent Class Analysis of Demographic Factors.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Bridging Languages, Broadening Access: Examining an Observation-Based Autism Assessment with a Latinx Sample.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Assessing the psychometric properties of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Generic (ADOS-G) in a clinical setting in the Chinese mainland.Molecular autism · 2026Article
- Amino acid profiles and clinical phenotypes in young children with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Latest clinical frontiers related to autism diagnostic strategies.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- Rethinking psychometric testing in autism: overcoming the challenges of comorbidity and diagnostic overshadowing.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- A preliminary study on the relationship between symptom severity and age of diagnosis in females versus males with autistic spectrum disorder.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Article
- Objective Measurement of Social Gaze and Smile Behaviors in Children with Suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder During Administration of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- A data driven machine learning approach to differentiate between autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on the best-practice diagnostic instruments for autism.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Detecting autism from picture book narratives using deep neural utterance embeddings.International journal of language & communication disorders · 2022Article
- First Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Interview for Diagnostic Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adult Males Without Intellectual Disability.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- Analysis of Race and Sex Bias in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2).JAMA network open · 2022Article
- The Relationship between Motor Skills and Intelligence in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- The utility of parent-report screening tools in differentiating autism versus attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school-age children.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2022Article
- CLEAR Autism Diagnostic Evaluation (CADE): Evaluation of Reliability and Validity.Journal of developmental and physical disabilities · 2022Article
- Autism Diagnostic Assessments With Children, Adolescents, and Adults Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Professionals.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is a first-choice diagnostic tool in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Excellent interpersonal objectivity (interrater reliability) has been demonstrated for the ADOS under optimal conditions, i.e., within groups of highly trained "research reliable" examiners in research setting. We investigated the spontaneous interrater reliability among clinically trained ADOS users across multiple sites in clinical routine. Forty videotaped administrations of the ADOS modules 1-4 were rated by five different raters each from a pool of in total 15 raters affiliated to 13 different clinical sites. G(q,k) coefficients (analogous to intraclass correlations), kappas (ĸ) and percent agreement (PA) were calculated. The median interrater reliability for items across the four modules was G(q,k) = .74-.83, with the single ADOS items ranging from .23 to .94. G(q,k) for total scores was .85-.92. For diagnostic classification (ASD/non-spectrum), PA was 64-82 % and Fleiss' ĸ .19-.55. Objectivity was lower for pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and non-spectrum diagnoses as compared to autism. Interrater reliabilities of the ADOS items and domain totals among clinical users across multiple sites were in the same range as previously reported for research reliable users, while the one for diagnostic classification was lower. Differences in sample characteristics, rater skills and statistics compared with previous studies are discussed. Findings endorse the objectivity of the ADOS in naturalistic clinical settings, but also pinpoint its limitations and the need and value of adequate and continuous rater training.
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