Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2016
Comparative effectiveness of motivation phase intervention components for use with smokers unwilling to quit: a factorial screening experiment.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01814072 (Opt-IN), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Opt-IN: Optimization of Remotely Delivered Intensive Lifestyle Treatment for Obesity
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to induce attempts to quit tobacco among adults not ready to quit.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing and Brief Interventions on tobacco use among healthy adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Investigacion y educacion en enfermeria · 2022Pooled it
- Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Additional behavioural support as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Smoking Cessation for Smokers Not Ready to Quit: Meta-analysis and Cost-effectiveness Analysis.American journal of preventive medicine · 2018Pooled it
- What to do after smoking relapse? A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial of chronic care smoking treatments.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Trial
- Multiple Pharmacotherapy Adaptations for Smoking Cessation Based on Treatment Response in Black Adults Who Smoke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Successful Optimization of Tobacco Dependence Treatment in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using the Multiphase Optimization Strategy.Annals of emergency medicine · 2023Trial
- A novel smoking-specific self-control task: An initial study of feasibility, acceptability, and changes in self-control and cigarette smoking behaviors among adults using cigarettes.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Trial
- Time-varying effects of 'optimized smoking treatment' on craving, negative affect and anhedonia.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Trial
- Predictors of Smoking Cessation Attempts and Success Following Motivation-Phase Interventions Among People Initially Unwilling to Quit Smoking.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Optimized Smoking Treatment Delivered in Primary Care.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2018Trial
- Smokers who are unmotivated to quit and have a child with asthma are more likely to quit with intensive motivational interviewing and repeated biomarker feedback.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2017Trial
- Toward precision smoking cessation treatment II: Proximal effects of smoking cessation intervention components on putative mechanisms of action.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Trial
- Identifying effective intervention components for smoking cessation: a factorial screening experiment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Trial
- Comparative effectiveness of intervention components for producing long-term abstinence from smoking: a factorial screening experiment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Trial
- Comparative effectiveness of motivation phase intervention components for use with smokers unwilling to quit: a factorial screening experiment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Trial
- Article
- Twenty years of intervention optimization.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo screen promising intervention components designed to reduce smoking and promote abstinence in smokers initially unwilling to quit.
designA balanced, four-factor, randomized factorial experiment.
settingEleven primary care clinics in southern Wisconsin, USA.
participantsA total of 517 adult smokers (63.4% women, 91.1% white) recruited during primary care visits who were willing to reduce their smoking but not quit.
interventionsFour factors contrasted intervention components designed to reduce smoking and promote abstinence: (1) nicotine patch versus none; (2) nicotine gum versus none; (3) motivational interviewing (MI) versus none; and (4) behavioral reduction counseling (BR) versus none. Participants could request cessation treatment at any point during the study. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was percentage change in cigarettes smoked per day at 26 weeks post-study enrollment; the secondary outcomes were percentage change at 12 weeks and point-prevalence abstinence at 12 and 26 weeks post-study enrollment.
findingsThere were few main effects, but a significant four-way interaction at 26 weeks post-study enrollment (P = 0.01, β = 0.12) revealed relatively large smoking reductions by two component combinations: nicotine gum combined with BR and BR combined with MI. Further, BR improved 12-week abstinence rates (P = 0.04), and nicotine gum, when used without MI, increased 26-week abstinence after a subsequent aided quit attempt (P = 0.01).
conclusionsMotivation-phase nicotine gum and behavioral reduction counseling are promising intervention components for smokers who are initially unwilling to quit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.