ArticleJournal of virology2016
Knockdown of Autophagy Inhibits Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Release by the Exosomal Pathway.
Article in Journal of virology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autophagy in the liver.Autophagy reports · 2026Review
- Autophagy machinery as exploited by viruses.Autophagy reports · 2025Article
- The hepatocyte traffic network in the human hepatitis A virus biological cycle from an evolutionary perspective.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Liver Diseases.Viruses · 2024Review
- Functional Role of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A in the Regulation of Autophagy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Regulation of Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion by Human Viral Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Host Subcellular Organelles: Targets of Viral Manipulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus-associated cancers.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Review
- The Early Secretory Pathway Is Crucial for Multiple Aspects of the Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Autophagy dark genes: Can we find them with machine learning?Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) · 2023Article
- Exosome-Autophagy Crosstalk in Enveloped Virus Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The exosome: a review of current therapeutic roles and capabilities in human reproduction.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Review
- The role of autophagy in viral infections.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- Crosstalk between exosomes and autophagy in spinal cord injury: fresh positive target for therapeutic application.Cell and tissue research · 2023Review
- The emerging roles of extracellular vesicles as intercellular messengers in liver physiology and pathology.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2022Review
- Amantadine and Rimantadine Inhibit Hepatitis A Virus Replication through the Induction of Autophagy.Journal of virology · 2022Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. We showed previously that HCV induces autophagy for viral persistence by preventing the innate immune response. Knockdown of autophagy reduces extracellular HCV release, although the precise mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we observed that knockdown of autophagy genes enhances intracellular HCV RNA and accumulates infectious virus particles in cells. Since HCV release is linked with the exosomal pathway, we examined whether autophagy proteins associate with exosomes in HCV-infected cells. We observed an association between HCV and the exosomal marker CD63 in autophagy knockdown cells. Subsequently, we observed that levels of extracellular infectious HCV were significantly lower in exosomes released from autophagy knockdown cells. To understand the mechanism for reduced extracellular infectious HCV in the exosome, we observed that an interferon (IFN)-stimulated BST-2 gene is upregulated in autophagy knockdown cells and associated with the exosome marker CD63, which may inhibit HCV assembly or release. Taken together, our results suggest a novel mechanism involving autophagy and exosome-mediated HCV release from infected hepatocytes. IMPORTANCE: Autophagy plays an important role in HCV pathogenesis. Autophagy suppresses the innate immune response and promotes survival of virus-infected hepatocytes. The present study examined the role of autophagy in secretion of infectious HCV from hepatocytes. Autophagy promoted HCV trafficking from late endosomes to lysosomes, thus providing a link with the exosome. Inhibition of HCV-induced autophagy could be used as a strategy to block exosome-mediated virus transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.