Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26581833›Full record

SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2016

Can Water Temperature and Immersion Time Influence the Effect of Cold Water Immersion on Muscle Soreness? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aryane Flauzino Machado, Paulo Henrique Ferreira, Jéssica Kirsch Micheletti, Aline Castilho de Almeida, Ítalo Ribeiro Lemes, Franciele Marques Vanderlei, Jayme Netto Junior, Carlos Marcelo Pastre

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06634862 (Comparison of the Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression, Graston Technique and Percussive Therapy on Muscle Pain, Muscle Tone and Balance After Quadriceps Fatigue Protocol), which is not on this map. Cited by 92 papers, 20 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 20 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06634862 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Comparison of the Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression, Graston Technique and Percussive Therapy on Muscle Pain, Muscle Tone and Balance After Quadriceps Fatigue Protocol

TypeinterventionalSponsorOkan UniversityRan2024 to 2025Enrolled60ConditionsRecovery MethodArmsNormatec Air Compression, Soft Tissue Mobilization, Percussive therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 20 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Aryane Flauzino MachadoDepartamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 305 Roberto Simonsen, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil.
Paulo Henrique FerreiraDiscipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Jéssica Kirsch MichelettiDepartamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 305 Roberto Simonsen, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil.
Aline Castilho de AlmeidaDepartamento de Fisioterapia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
Ítalo Ribeiro LemesDepartamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 305 Roberto Simonsen, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil.
Franciele Marques VanderleiDepartamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 305 Roberto Simonsen, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil.
Jayme Netto JuniorDepartamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 305 Roberto Simonsen, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil.
Carlos Marcelo PastreDepartamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 305 Roberto Simonsen, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil. pastre@fct.unesp.br.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCold water immersion (CWI) is a technique commonly used in post-exercise recovery. However, the procedures involved in the technique may vary, particularly in terms of water temperature and immersion time, and the most effective approach remains unclear.

objectivesThe objective of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of CWI in muscle soreness management compared with passive recovery. We also aimed to identify which water temperature and immersion time provides the best results.

methodsThe MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, PEDro [Physiotherapy Evidence Database], and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) databases were searched up to January 2015. Only randomized controlled trials that compared CWI to passive recovery were included in this review. Data were pooled in a meta-analysis and described as weighted mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsNine studies were included for review and meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that CWI has a more positive effect than passive recovery in terms of immediate (MD = 0.290, 95% CI 0.037, 0.543; p = 0.025) and delayed effects (MD = 0.315, 95% CI 0.048, 0.581; p = 0.021). Water temperature of between 10 and 15 °C demonstrated the best results for immediate (MD = 0.273, 95% CI 0.107, 0.440; p = 0.001) and delayed effects (MD = 0.317, 95% CI 0.102, 0.532; p = 0.004). In terms of immersion time, immersion of between 10 and 15 min had the best results for immediate (MD = 0.227, 95% 0.139, 0.314; p < 0.001) and delayed effects (MD = 0.317, 95% 0.102, 0.532, p = 0.004).

conclusionsThe available evidence suggests that CWI can be slightly better than passive recovery in the management of muscle soreness. The results also demonstrated the presence of a dose-response relationship, indicating that CWI with a water temperature of between 11 and 15 °C and an immersion time of 11-15 min can provide the best results.

Indexed as

Cold TemperatureCryotherapyHumansMyalgiaRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID26581833
PMCPMC4802003

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.