Observational studyMedicine2015
Hospitalization Incidence, Mortality, and Seasonality of Common Respiratory Viruses Over a Period of 15 Years in a Developed Subtropical City.
Observational study in Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between sunshine and influenza or influenza-like illness, a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of biometeorology · 2026Pooled it
- High Clinical Burden of Influenza Disease in Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years: Can We Do Better? A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Respiratory syncytial virus in the Western Pacific Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2019Pooled it
- Year-round influenza immunisation during pregnancy in Nepal: a phase 4, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Unraveling meteorologically influenced recurrence and sequential infection risks among influenza, mumps, scarlet fever, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease: evidence from Shenzhen, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Nirsevimab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Prevention in Newborns of Hong Kong.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization costs, rates, and seasonality in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Virus profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in hospitalized non-COVID-19 adult patients with pulmonary infection from November 2020 to November 2021.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Incidence of RSV in Adults: A Comprehensive Review of Observational Studies and Critical Gaps in Information.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Influenza disease burden and the need for highly immunogenic vaccines in older adults: a narrative review.Ewha medical journal · 2024Review
- Characterising the changes in RSV epidemiology in Beijing, China during 2015-2023: results from a prospective, multi-centre, hospital-based surveillance and serology study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- Comparative Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines for Older Adults in Hong Kong.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Targeted Literature Review of the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Infection among High-Risk and Elderly Patients in Asia Pacific Region.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Review
- Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalisation in children aged ≤5 years: a scoping review of literature from 2009 to 2021.ERJ open research · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular Implications of Immune Disorders in Women.Circulation research · 2022 · on this mapReview
- Development and application of a method to detect 27 respiratory pathogens using multiplex RT-PCR combined with MassARRAY technology.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Stringent containment measures without complete city lockdown to achieve low incidence and mortality across two waves of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- Respiratory virus infection among hospitalized adult patients with or without clinically apparent respiratory infection: a prospective cohort study.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2019Article
- Incidence and seasonality of respiratory viruses causing acute respiratory infections in the Northern United Arab Emirates.Journal of medical virology · 2019Article
- Frequent Genetic Mismatch between Vaccine Strains and Circulating Seasonal Influenza Viruses, Hong Kong, China, 1996-2012.Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Information on respiratory viruses in subtropical region is limited.Incidence, mortality, and seasonality of influenza (Flu) A/B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), and parainfluenza viruses (PIV) 1/2/3 in hospitalized patients were assessed over a 15-year period (1998-2012) in Hong Kong.Male predominance and laterally transversed J-shaped distribution in age-specific incidence was observed. Incidence of Flu A, RSV, and PIV decreased sharply from infants to toddlers; whereas Flu B and ADV increased slowly. RSV conferred higher fatality than Flu, and was the second killer among hospitalized elderly. ADV and PIV were uncommon, but had the highest fatality. RSV, PIV 2/3 admissions increased over the 15 years, whereas ADV had decreased significantly. A "high season," mainly contributed by Flu, was observed in late-winter/early-spring (February-March). The "medium season" in spring/summer (April-August) was due to Flu and RSV. The "low season" in late autumn/winter (October-December) was due to PIV and ADV. Seasonality varied between viruses, but predictable distinctive pattern for each virus existed, and temperature was the most important associating meteorological variable.Respiratory viruses exhibit strong sex- and age-predilection, and with predictable seasonality allowing strategic preparedness planning. Hospital-based surveillance is crucial for real-time assessment on severity of new variants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.