ArticleMucosal immunology2016
Interleukin-4 and interferon-γ orchestrate an epithelial polarization in the airways.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory biomarkers in pediatric PFAPA syndrome: a systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Nasal Epithelial Immune Signatures Are Associated With Age-Dependent Asthma Trajectories in Early Life.Allergy · 2026Observational
- Elevated COAllergy · 2026Article
- Updates on Immunologic Responses to Aeroallergen Immunotherapy Since the 2011 US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Th2 cytokine-induced mucociliary remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis: implications for antiviral defense and epithelial function.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Interleukin-24 in type 2 immune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Identification and experimental validation of CCL26 as a core comorbid gene and biomarker for atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma via machine learning and multi-omics analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Rosmarinic Acid as A Flavonoids Ameliorated Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Lung Lavage Fluid of Rats.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Sophocarpine Alleviates Airway Epithelial Cell Inflammation in Asthma via Modulating the Cytokine- Cytokine Receptor and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathways.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Targeting IL-4/IL-13 Signaling Pathways in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: From Mechanisms to Therapies.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Insights Into Effects of Natural Bioactive Components on Inflammatory Diseases in Respiratory Tract.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2025Review
- The Role of Interleukin-24 and Downstream Pathways in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Review
- T1-T2 Interplay in the Complex Immune Landscape of Severe Asthma.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Mechanistic modelling of allergen-induced airways disease in early life.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dupilumab treatment has no effect on the nasal microbiome in patients with NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease: a longitudinal pilot study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Gamma-irradiated fowl cholera vaccines formulated with different adjuvants induced antibody response and cytokine expression in chickens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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- Clara cell 10 (CC10) protein attenuates allergic airway inflammation by modulating lung dendritic cell functions.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Integrated Omics Analysis Uncovers the Culprit behind Exacerbated Atopic Dermatitis in a Diet-Induced Obesity Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) are key effector cytokines for the differentiation of T helper type 1 and 2 (Th1 and Th2) cells. Both cytokines induce fate-decisive transcription factors such as GATA3 and TBX21 that antagonize the polarized development of opposite phenotypes by direct regulation of each other's expression along with many other target genes. Although it is well established that mesenchymal cells directly respond to Th1 and Th2 cytokines, the nature of antagonistic differentiation programs in airway epithelial cells is only partially understood. In this study, primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) were exposed to IL-4, IFN-γ, or both and genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed. The study uncovers an antagonistic regulation pattern of IL-4 and IFN-γ in NHBEs, translating the Th1/Th2 antagonism directly in epithelial gene regulation. IL-4- and IFN-γ-induced transcription factor hubs form clusters, present in antagonistically and polarized gene regulation networks. Furthermore, the IL-4-dependent induction of IL-24 observed in rhinitis patients was downregulated by IFN-γ, and therefore IL-24 represents a potential biomarker of allergic inflammation and a Th2 polarized condition of the epithelium.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.