Trial reportClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2015
Randomized Clinical Trial of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate for the Treatment of Mild Hyperkalemia in CKD.
Trial report in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic update on oral potassium exchange resin use in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2023Pooled it
- Effects and Safety of a Novel Oral Potassium-Lowering Drug-Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Binding Potassium to Improve Treatment With Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors: Results From Multiple One-Stage Pairwise and Network Meta-Analyses of Clinical Trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Patiromer and Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate: A New Armamentarium for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia.Pharmacotherapy · 2017Pooled it
- A randomized study to compare oral potassium binders in the treatment of acute hyperkalemia.BMC nephrology · 2023Trial
- Compared effects of calcium and sodium polystyrene sulfonate on mineral and bone metabolism and volume overload in pre-dialysis patients with hyperkalemia.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2018Trial
- New potassium binders: we need them-we do not need them.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Management of hyperkalemia: strategic clinical actions in real-world practice.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Review
- Effects of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on the quality of life of patients with hyperkalemia undergoing hemodialysis: Y-QOL study design.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate and Heart Failure Risk: A Comparative Study With Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Article
- Potassium binders in clinical practice: understanding potassium binder use in contemporary Swedish healthcare-the DEMONSTRATE database.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- EMCREG-International Multidisciplinary Consensus Panel on Management of Hyperkalemia in Chronic Kidney Disease and Heart Failure.Cardiorenal medicine · 2025Review
- Calcium polystyrene sulfonate-induced colitis: advanced characterization of crystal nature with infrared spectroscopy.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Use of Fludrocortisone for Hyperkalemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Not Yet on Dialysis.Electrolyte & blood pressure : E & BP · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the introduction of novel potassium binders in routine care; the Stockholm CREAtinine measurements (SCREAM) project.Journal of nephrology · 2024Observational
- Recommendations for the management of hyperkalemia in patients receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Review
- Mortality and hyperkalaemia-associated hospitalisation in patients with chronic kidney disease: comparison of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and sodium/calcium polystyrene sulfonate.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Aldosterone and Potassium in Heart Failure: Overcoming This Major Impediment in Clinical Practice.Cardiac failure review · 2024Review
- Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesHyperkalemia affects up to 10% of patients with CKD. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate has long been prescribed for this condition, although evidence is lacking on its efficacy for the treatment of mild hyperkalemia over several days. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the treatment of mild hyperkalemia. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: In total, 33 outpatients with CKD and mild hyperkalemia (5.0-5.9 mEq/L) in a single teaching hospital were included in this double-blind randomized clinical trial. We randomly assigned these patients to receive either placebo or sodium polystyrene sulfonate of 30 g orally one time per day for 7 days. The primary outcome was the comparison between study groups of the mean difference of serum potassium levels between the day after the last dose of treatment and baseline.
resultsThe mean duration of treatment was 6.9 days. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate was superior to placebo in the reduction of serum potassium levels (mean difference between groups, -1.04 mEq/L; 95% confidence interval, -1.37 to -0.71). A higher proportion of patients in the sodium polystyrene sulfonate group attained normokalemia at the end of their treatment compared with those in the placebo group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (73% versus 38%; P=0.07). There was a trend toward higher rates of electrolytic disturbances and an increase in gastrointestinal side effects in the group receiving sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
conclusionsSodium polystyrene sulfonate was superior to placebo in reducing serum potassium over 7 days in patients with mild hyperkalemia and CKD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.