ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
The bioenergetic costs of a gene.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 299 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
299 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 602 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Energy constraint on human health.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
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- Metabolic Programming of β-Cell Fate, State, and Function through Time and Space.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms and energetic costs of recovery from freezing in the polyextremophile midge Belgica antarctica.The Journal of experimental biology · 2026Article
- To Move or Not to Move: When and How Bacteria Suppress Flagellar Motility.Molecular microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
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- Regulating microbial cell factories to resist ROS stress in chemical production.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Coevolution of Codependent Hosts and Symbionts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Effect of cellular nutrient economy on the evolution of genome size in phytoplankton.Science advances · 2026Article
- The transcriptional and translational outcomes for pseudogenes in bacterial endosymbionts.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Emergence and evolution of protein-coding de novo genes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Reciprocal cross-feeding between bacteria can limit the emergence of metabolic dependencies.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Biological processes as exploratory dynamics.Biophysical journal · 2026Review
- Evolution of the highest fidelity DNA replication systems.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Early Evolution of the Prokaryotic Transcription Factor Repertoire.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
239 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
An enduring mystery of evolutionary genomics concerns the mechanisms responsible for lineage-specific expansions of genome size in eukaryotes, especially in multicellular species. One idea is that all excess DNA is mutationally hazardous, but weakly enough so that genome-size expansion passively emerges in species experiencing relatively low efficiency of selection owing to small effective population sizes. Another idea is that substantial gene additions were impossible without the energetic boost provided by the colonizing mitochondrion in the eukaryotic lineage. Contrary to this latter view, analysis of cellular energetics and genomics data from a wide variety of species indicates that, relative to the lifetime ATP requirements of a cell, the costs of a gene at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels decline with cell volume in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Moreover, these costs are usually sufficiently large to be perceived by natural selection in bacterial populations, but not in eukaryotes experiencing high levels of random genetic drift. Thus, for scaling reasons that are not yet understood, by virtue of their large size alone, eukaryotic cells are subject to a broader set of opportunities for the colonization of novel genes manifesting weakly advantageous or even transiently disadvantageous phenotypic effects. These results indicate that the origin of the mitochondrion was not a prerequisite for genome-size expansion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.