ArticleClinical & experimental metastasis2016
Epigenetic inactivation of galanin and GALR1/2 is associated with early recurrence in head and neck cancer.
Article in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic value of DNA methylation in head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Understanding the role of nerves in head and neck cancers - a review.Oncology reviews · 2024Review
- The GAL/GALR2 axis promotes the perineural invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Galanin Receptors (GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3) Immunoexpression in Enteric Plexuses of Colorectal Cancer Patients: Correlation with the Clinico-Pathological Parameters.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Promoter hypermethylation of GALR1 acts as an early epigenetic susceptibility event in colorectal carcinogenesis.Journal of human genetics · 2022Article
- The Galaninergic System: A Target for Cancer Treatment.Cancers · 2022Review
- Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- DNA Methylation Markers from Negative Surgical Margins Can Predict Recurrence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2021Article
- Overexpression of Sal-like protein 4 in head and neck cancer: epigenetic effects and clinical correlations.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2020Article
- Elucidating the transcriptional program of feline injection-site sarcoma using a cross-species mRNA-sequencing approach.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases in head and neck carcinoma.Journal of Cancer · 2019Article
- Epigenetics of oral and oropharyngeal cancers.Biomedical reports · 2018Review
- Epigenetic inactivation of galanin receptors in salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland: Potential utility as biomarkers for prognosis.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- Article
- Genetic and epigenetic characterization of the tumors in a patient with a tongue primary tumor, a recurrence and a pharyngoesophageal second primary tumor.Molecular cytogenetics · 2017Article
- Epigenetic control of cancer by neuropeptides.Biomedical reports · 2017Article
- Alterations in the neuropeptide galanin system in major depressive disorder involve levels of transcripts, methylation, and peptide.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Genome-scale methylation assessment did not identify prognostic biomarkers in oral tongue carcinomas.Clinical epigenetics · 2016Article
- Evaluation of TET Family Gene Expression and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine as Potential Epigenetic Markers in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of galanin (GAL) and galanin receptor (GALR) promoter hypermethylation in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The methylation status of three genes-GAL, GALR1, and GALR2 was examined in HNSCC patient tumors using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP). To determine the prognostic value of GAL, GALR1 and GALR2 methylation status, their associations with various clinical characteristics and patient survival were assessed in HNSCC patient tumors (n = 142). Aberrant methylation of at least one gene was observed in 84 of the 142 (59.2 %) primary tumors analyzed. The methylation index, defined as the ratio between the number of methylated genes and the number of genes examined, was positively correlated with larger tumor size (P = 0.034) and disease recurrence (P < 0.001). In the multivariate logistic-regression analysis, methylation of both GAL and GALR1 exhibited the highest association with poor survival (hazard ratio, 6.83, P = 0.002). Moreover, among patients without lymph node metastasis, a multivariate analysis showed a significant trend for poor survival as the number of hypermethylated genes increased (log-rank test, P = 0.003). CpG hypermethylation is a likely mechanism of GAL and GALR1/2 gene inactivation, indicating that GAL and its receptors play a role in HNSCC tumorigenesis. As such, GAL and GALR1/2 methylation status may serve as an important biomarker for clinical outcome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.