Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2015
Outcome of patients on second line antiretroviral therapy under programmatic condition in India.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Second-line HIV treatment failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Protease Inhibitor/Nucleos(t)ide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Pooled it
- Virological Failure And HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Indian Adults and Adolescents on Protease Inhibitor Based Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy: A Five-year Follow-up Study.Current HIV research · 2025Article
- Time to viral load re-suppression and its predictors among adult patients on second-line anti-retro viral therapy in northeastern Ethiopia: multi-center prospective follow-up study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Treatment-Naive People Living with HIV in a Tertiary Care Center in India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Second-line anti-retroviral treatment failure and its predictors among patients with HIV in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Time to Viral Re-suppression and Its Predictors among Adults on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Wollo Zone Public Hospitals: Stratified Cox Model.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Virological failure among people living with HIV receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Pune, India.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Third-line antiretroviral therapy, including raltegravir (RAL), darunavir (DRV/r) and/or etravirine (ETR), is well tolerated and achieves durable virologic suppression over 144 weeks in resource-limited settings: ACTG A5288 strategy trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Patient and health facility attributes associated with retention and virologic suppression in private for-profit health facilities in Nigeria.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Article
- Article
- Joint Modeling of Incidence of Unfavorable Outcomes and Change in Viral Load Over Time Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Participants Switching to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy with Susceptible Virus Display Inferior Adherence and Worse Outcomes: An Observational Analysis.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2021Observational
- Virological failure and HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV on second-line antiretroviral therapy in the Asia-Pacific.HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Rate of Viral Re-Suppression and Retention to Care Among PLHIV on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Increased Virological Failure and Determinants Among HIV Patients on Highly Active Retroviral Therapy in Adigrat General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2019: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- Incidence of tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults on first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in India.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Article
- Incidence and predictors of second-line antiretroviral treatment failure among adults living with HIV in Amhara region: a multi-centered retrospective follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Magnitude and correlates of virological failure among adult HIV patients receiving PI based second line ART regimens in north western Tanzania; a case control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe National AIDS Control Organization of India has been providing free second line antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2008. This observational study reports the survival and virologic suppression of patients on second-line ART under programmatic condition and type of mutations acquired by those failing therapy.
methods170 patients initiated on second-line therapy between 2008 and 2012 were followed up till 2013. Viral Load (VL) was repeated at 6 months for all patients and at 12 months for those with VL >400 copies/ml at 6 months. Adequate virological response was defined as plasma HIV-1 VL <400 copies/ml and virological failure was defined as VL >1000 copies/ml. Genotyping was done in 16 patients with virological failure.
resultsOut of 170 patients, 110 (64.7 %) were alive and on therapy and 35 (20.5 %) expired. In the first year the occurrence of death was 13.7 /100 person years while between 1 and 5 year it was 3.88 /100 person years. In the first year, duration of immunological failure >12 months, weight <45 kg, WHO clinical stage 3 and 4 and WHO criteria CD4 count less than pretherapy baseline [hazard ratio HR 4.2. 15.8, 11.9 & 4.1 respectively] and beyond first year poor first and second line adherence and first line CD4 count < 200/μL [HR 5.2,15.8, 3.3 respectively] had high risk of death. 119/152 (78.2 %) had adequate virological response and 27/152 (17.7 %) had virological failure. High viral load at baseline and poor second line adherence (Odds Ratio 3.4 & 2.8 respectively) had increased risk of virological failure. Among those genotyped, 50 % had major Protease Inhibitor mutation (M46I commonest) however 87.5 % were still susceptible to darunavir.
conclusionsSecond line therapy has shown high early mortality but good virological suppression under programmatic conditions.
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