Observational studyPloS one2015
The Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Non-Serotype B Disease in Ontario, Canada from 2004 to 2013.
Observational study in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Article
- Rapid and sensitive detection ofHeliyon · 2025Article
- Increased Incidence of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease Driven by Non-Type B Isolates in Ontario, Canada, 2014 to 2018.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Impact of Vaccination on Haemophilus influenzae Type b Carriage in Healthy Children Less Than 5 Years of Age in an Urban Population in Nepal.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Effect of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Childhood Pneumonia Hospitalizations and Deaths in Botswana.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Long Term Impact of Conjugate Vaccines onMicroorganisms · 2021Review
- Haemophilus influenzae Non-type b Infection in an Adult Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2020Article
- InvasiveOpen forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Non-TypeableInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2020Article
- Bacterial Meningitis Caused by β-lactamase Non-producing Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae Type f in an Immunocompetent Woman.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2019Article
- The return of Pfeiffer's bacillus: Rising incidence of ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae.Microbial genomics · 2018Review
- Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 2007-2014.Emerging infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Molecular Serotype-Specific Identification of Non-type bFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Rationale and methods of a randomized controlled trial of immunogenicity, safety and impact on carriage of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines in infants in Papua New Guinea.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2017Article
- INVASIVE NON-TYPE B HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE DISEASE: REPORT OF EIGHT CASES.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao PauloArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSince the widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) type b (Hib) vaccines among children aged <5 years, an increase in invasive non-Hib disease incidence has been reported internationally. We sought to describe the epidemiology of invasive non-Hib disease in Ontario, Canada (population ~13.5 million).
methodsConfirmed invasive non-Hib cases (non-typeable [NTHi] and serotypes a, c, d, e, and f) were obtained from the provincial laboratory data system from 2004-2013. Data were deterministically linked to the provincial reportable disease system to provide further case information. Antibiotic resistance data were analysed separately from 2010-2014. Descriptive analyses included incidence rates, age group, serotype, site of specimen collection and resistance patterns; ethnicity data were not available. Temporal trends were evaluated by Poisson regression and p-values <0.05 were considered significant.
resultsA total of 1307 cases of invasive non-Hib disease were included, increasing from 0.67 cases to 1.60 cases /100,000 from 2004 to 2013. Significant increases in the incidence of NTHi (0.50 to 1.28 cases/100 000 population), Hia (0.02 to 0.08 cases/100, 000) and Hif (0.13 to 0.18 cases/100, 000 population) were seen. Among persons aged 40-64 years, 3 Hi strains significantly increased over time; NTHi (0.22 to 0.99 cases/100, 000), Hia (0.00 to 0.06 cases/100, 000) and Hif (0.05 to 0.21 cases/100, 000). Among persons aged 65-84 years, there was a significant increase of NTHi (1.62 to 3.14 cases/100, 000) and Hia (0.00 to 0.34 cases/100, 000). Among persons aged 85+ years, only NTHi significantly increased from 4.89 to 10.28 cases/100, 000). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to ampicillin and clarithromycin was seen in greater than 25% of isolates but AMR did not increase over the duration of this study.
conclusionsThe incidence of invasive non-Hib disease has increased over time; NTHi, Hif and Hia are emerging pathogens, and should be monitored.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.