ArticlePloS one2015
Changes in Carboxy Methylation and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Protein Phosphatase PP2A Are Associated with Epididymal Sperm Maturation and Motility.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Water Blooms-A Potential Threat to Male Reproduction: Clues From Aquatics and Rodents.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) function in male germ cells and its importance for male fertility.Endocrine connections · 2025Review
- Glycerol Kinase 2 as a Metabolic Sentinel for Human Sperm Motility and Male Fertility.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Motility of Mouse Spermatozoa Changes Differentially After 30-Minute Exposure Under Simulating Weightlessness and Hypergravity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Effect of Seminal Plasma on the Freezability of Boar Sperm.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Article
- PP1, PP2A and PP2B Interplay in the Regulation of Sperm Motility: Lessons from Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Sperm of Fruit FlyInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- CatSper and its CaM-like CaFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Article
- Disorders of Sex Development-Novel Regulators, Impacts on Fertility, and Options for Fertility Preservation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- The protein phosphatase isoform PP1γ1 substitutes for PP1γ2 to support spermatogenesis but not normal sperm function and fertility†.Biology of reproduction · 2019Article
- Signaling Enzymes Required for Sperm Maturation and Fertilization in Mammals.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Review
- Article
- Global loss of leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1 causes severe defects in fetal liver hematopoiesis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Expression of a Novel Ciliary Protein, IIIG9, During the Differentiation and Maturation of Ependymal Cells.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Four-dimensional analysis by high-speed holographic imaging reveals a chiral memory of sperm flagella.PloS one · 2018Article
- Molecular changes and signaling events occurring in spermatozoa during epididymal maturation.Andrology · 2017Review
- Signaling mechanisms in mammalian sperm motility.Biology of reproduction · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mammalian sperm contain the serine/threonine phosphatases PP1γ2 and PP2A. The role of sperm PP1γ2 is relatively well studied. Here we confirm the presence of PP2A in sperm and show that it undergoes marked changes in methylation (leucine 309), tyrosine phosphorylation (tyrosine 307) and catalytic activity during epididymal sperm maturation. Spermatozoa isolated from proximal caput, distal caput and caudal regions of the epididymis contain equal immuno-reactive amounts of PP2A. Using demethyl sensitive antibodies we show that PP2A is methylated at its carboxy terminus in sperm from the distal caput and caudal regions but not in sperm from the proximal caput region of the epididymis. The methylation status of PP2A was confirmed by isolation of PP2A with microcystin agarose followed by alkali treatment, which causes hydrolysis of protein carboxy methyl esters. Tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm PP2A varied inversely with methylation. That is, PP2A was tyrosine phosphorylated when it was demethylated but not when methylated. PP2A demethylation and its reciprocal tyrosine phosphorylation were also affected by treatment of sperm with L-homocysteine and adenosine, which are known to elevate intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine, a feedback inhibitor of methyltransferases. Catalytic activity of PP2A declined during epididymal sperm maturation. Inhibition of PP2A by okadaic acid or by incubation of caudal epididymal spermatozoa with L-homocysteine and adenosine resulted in increase of sperm motility parameters including percent motility, velocity, and lateral head amplitude. Demethylation or pharmacological inhibition of PP2A also leads to an increase in phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3). Our results show for the first time that changes in PP2A activity due to methylation and tyrosine phosphorylation occur in sperm and that these changes may play an important role in the regulation of sperm function.
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