ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2015
Disruptions of Host Immunity and Inflammation by Giardia Duodenalis: Potential Consequences for Co-Infections in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social determinants of health and temporospatial trends associated with Giardia duodenalis infection in Texas canines.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- T cell exhaustion inParasite epidemiology and control · 2026Review
- The triple threat of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Entamoeba infections in Nigerian children.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The therapeutic potential of atorvastatin in treatment ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Effects of Astragaloside IV Combined With Metronidazole on Cyst Shedding and Mucosal Immune and Inflammatory Responses in a Murine Model of Giardiasis.Journal of parasitology research · 2026Article
- Synovial Parasitosis and Inflammatory Biomarker Profiles in Osteoarthritis: Associations with Host and Therapeutic Factors.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- Article
- Establishment of an in vitro co-infection model of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Giardia lamblia risk factors and burden in children with acute gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan birth cohort.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- The pathogenic responses elicited during exposure of human intestinal cell line with Giardia duodenalis excretory-secretory products and the potential attributed endocytosis mechanism.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- The Influence of the ProtozoanInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mucosal vaccination in a murine gnotobiotic model ofInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Parasitism-Induced Changes in Microbial Eukaryotes of Peruvian Alpaca Gastrointestinal Tract.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Gut microbiome and NAFLD: impact and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- A thermo-resistant and RNase-sensitive cargo fromJournal of extracellular biology · 2023Article
- Do Intestinal Unicellular Parasites Have a Role in the Inflammatory and Redox Status among the Severely Obese?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Association Between Giardia Genotype and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Among Giardia-Infected Children: A Case-Control Study.Acta parasitologica · 2022Article
- How the gut parasitome affects human health.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Review
- High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. intestinalis, or G. lamblia) is a leading cause of waterborne diarrheal disease that infects hundreds of millions of people annually. Research on Giardia has greatly expanded within the last few years, and our understanding of the pathophysiology and immunology on this parasite is ever increasing. At peak infection, Giardia trophozoites induce pathophysiological responses that culminate in the development of diarrheal disease. However, human data has suggested that the intestinal mucosa of Giardia-infected individuals is devoid of signs of overt intestinal inflammation, an observation that is reproduced in animal models. Thus, our understanding of host inflammatory responses to the parasite remain incompletely understood and human studies and experimental data have produced conflicting results. It is now also apparent that certain Giardia infections contain mechanisms capable of modulating their host's immune responses. As the oral route of Giardia infection is shared with many other gastrointestinal (GI) pathogens, co-infections may often occur, especially in places with poor sanitation and/or improper treatment of drinking water. Moreover, Giardia infections may modulate host immune responses and have been found to protect against the development of diarrheal disease in developing countries. The following review summarizes our current understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of Giardia infections and their consequences for the host, and highlights areas for future research. Potential implications of these immunomodulatory effects during GI co-infection are also discussed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.