Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26568633›Full record

ArticleBioinformatics (Oxford, England)2016

Optimal design of gene knockout experiments for gene regulatory network inference.

S M Minhaz Ud-Dean, Rudiyanto Gunawan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025
    Article
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  5. Article
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  10. Review
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  13. Bayesian Lookahead Perturbation Policy for Inference of Regulatory Networks.IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics
    Article
  14. Reinforcement Learning Data-Acquiring for Causal Inference of Regulatory Networks.Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference. American Control Conference
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

S M Minhaz Ud-DeanInstitute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and.
Rudiyanto GunawanInstitute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

motivationWe addressed the problem of inferring gene regulatory network (GRN) from gene expression data of knockout (KO) experiments. This inference is known to be underdetermined and the GRN is not identifiable from data. Past studies have shown that suboptimal design of experiments (DOE) contributes significantly to the identifiability issue of biological networks, including GRNs. However, optimizing DOE has received much less attention than developing methods for GRN inference.

resultsWe developed REDuction of UnCertain Edges (REDUCE) algorithm for finding the optimal gene KO experiment for inferring directed graphs (digraphs) of GRNs. REDUCE employed ensemble inference to define uncertain gene interactions that could not be verified by prior data. The optimal experiment corresponds to the maximum number of uncertain interactions that could be verified by the resulting data. For this purpose, we introduced the concept of edge separatoid which gave a list of nodes (genes) that upon their removal would allow the verification of a particular gene interaction. Finally, we proposed a procedure that iterates over performing KO experiments, ensemble update and optimal DOE. The case studies including the inference of Escherichia coli GRN and DREAM 4 100-gene GRNs, demonstrated the efficacy of the iterative GRN inference. In comparison to systematic KOs, REDUCE could provide much higher information return per gene KO experiment and consequently more accurate GRN estimates.

conclusionsREDUCE represents an enabling tool for tackling the underdetermined GRN inference. Along with advances in gene deletion and automation technology, the iterative procedure brings an efficient and fully automated GRN inference closer to reality. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: MATLAB and Python scripts of REDUCE are available on www.cabsel.ethz.ch/tools/REDUCE CONTACT: rudi.gunawan@chem.ethz.ch SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Indexed as

Gene Knockout TechniquesGene Regulatory NetworksAlgorithmsEscherichia coliGene Expression

Identifiers

PMID26568633
PMCPMC4803391

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.