ArticleeLife2015
Sexually divergent expression of active and passive conditioned fear responses in rats.
Article in eLife, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 275 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
275 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Identifying the most effective behavioural assays and predator cues for quantifying anti-predator responses in mammals: a systematic review.Environmental evidence · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations for the Use of Single Prolonged Stress and Fear Extinction Retention in Rodents.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Peri-adolescent ethanol exposure differentially affects mechanical and thermal sensitivity in rats.The journal of pain · 2026Article
- PAG-dependent defensive strategy selection: From stress-induced rigidity to adaptive flexibility.iScience · 2026Article
- Cannabinoid use generalizes stress responses: involvement of astrocyte plasticity and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in the nucleus accumbens core.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Beyond Fear Learning in Isolation: Integration of Social Dimensions into Aversive Learning.Current protocols · 2026Review
- Basolateral amygdala dopamine transmits emotional salience.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rats use darting as a strategy to navigate between reward and safety during platform-mediated active avoidance under different social contexts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex-specific relationships between stress coping and avoidance behavior in adult mice.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- A history of chronic adolescent stress attenuates cued fear-potentiated startle in adult female Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex-specific increased reactivity of the PVT and prolonged PVT→CeA circuit engagement following psilocin administration.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Somatostatin Neurons in the Central Amygdala Mediate Dynamic Defensive Behaviors during Fear Extinction.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Threat Conditioning Prior to Cocaine or Sucrose Exposure Alters Reward-Seeking Behavior in a Sex-Dependent Manner.Psychiatry international · 2026Article
- Midbrain PAG Astrocytes Modulate Mouse Defensive and Panic-Like Behaviors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Presynaptic Density Reveals Stress-Associated Synaptic Deficits Related to Behavioral and Molecular Alterations in Rats.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Effects of Sex Differences on Conditioned Fear Extinction and Safety Learning in C57BL/6J Mice.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Functional bipartition of medial prefrontal cortex into salience detection and movement gain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Acute and chronic cannabis vapor exposure produces immediate and delayed impacts on phases of fear learning in a sex specific manner.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The lateral septum orchestrates state-dependent modulation of associative threat memory dynamics across the ovarian hormone cycle.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
215 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traditional rodent models of Pavlovian fear conditioning assess the strength of learning by quantifying freezing responses. However, sole reliance on this measure includes the de facto assumption that any locomotor activity reflects an absence of fear. Consequently, alternative expressions of associative learning are rarely considered. Here we identify a novel, active fear response ('darting') that occurs primarily in female rats. In females, darting exhibits the characteristics of a learned fear behavior, appearing during the CS period as conditioning proceeds and disappearing from the CS period during extinction. This finding motivates a reinterpretation of rodent fear conditioning studies, particularly in females, and it suggests that conditioned fear behavior is more diverse than previously appreciated. Moreover, rats that darted during initial fear conditioning exhibited lower freezing during the second day of extinction testing, suggesting that females employ distinct and adaptive fear response strategies that improve long-term outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.