ArticleScientific reports2015
The Shiga toxin 2 production level in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is correlated with the subtypes of toxin-encoding phage.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
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68 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phylogenomic framework and virulence gene boundaries of emerging Shiga toxin-producingVirulence · 2026Article
- Pathogenome and Plasmid-Borne Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes in a Multidrug-Resistant O111:H8 Shiga Toxin-ProducingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Recombinant Human Fab Antibodies Differentially Neutralize Shiga Toxin in Renal Epithelial and Endothelial Cells.Toxins · 2026Article
- Predicting clinical outcome ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Shiga Toxin-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Molecular Evolutionary Analyses ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
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- Pathogenomes of Shiga Toxin Positive and NegativeMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- In Silico Analysis of Shiga Toxin-ProducingToxins · 2024Article
- A novel Shiga toxin 2a neutralizing antibody therapeutic with low immunogenicity and high efficacy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Diversity of Shiga toxin transducing phages inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Pathogenomes and virulence profiles of representative big six non-O157 serogroup Shiga toxin-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Discovery of an Abundant Viral Genus in Polar Regions through the Isolation and Genomic Characterization of a New Virus againstApplied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
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- Global population structure, genomic diversity and carbohydrate fermentation characteristics of clonal complex 119 (CC119), an understudied Shiga toxin-producingMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- The Prophage and Us-Shiga Toxin Phages Revisited.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Alteration of a Shiga toxin-encoding phage associated with a change in toxin production level and disease severity inMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Clarification of relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphism panels of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7/H- strains.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2022Article
- High Prevalence and Persistence of Escherichia coli Strains Producing Shiga Toxin Subtype 2k in Goat Herds.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) causes diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with life-threatening complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. Their major virulence factor is Shiga toxin (Stx), which is encoded by bacteriophages. Of the two types of Stx, the production of Stx2, particularly that of Stx2a (a subtype of Stx2), is a major risk factor for severe EHEC infections, but the Stx2 production level is highly variable between strains. Here, we define four major and two minor subtypes of Stx2a-encoding phages according to their replication proteins. The subtypes are correlated with Stx2a titers produced by the host O157 strains, suggesting a critical role of the phage subtype in determining the Stx2a production level. We further show that one of the two subclades in the clade 8, a proposed hyper-virulent lineage of O157, carries the Stx2 phage subtype that confers the highest Stx2 production to the host strain. The presence of this subclade may explain the proposed high virulence potential of clade 8. These results provide novel insights into the variation in virulence among O157 strains and highlight the role of phage variation in determining the production level of the virulence factors that phages encode.
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