ArticleInternational immunology2016
TLR7 and TLR9 ligands regulate antigen presentation by macrophages.
Article in International immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- The TLR9 Agonist Cobitolimod Induces IL10-Producing Wound Healing Macrophages and Regulatory T Cells in Ulcerative Colitis.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2020Trial
- Iron deficiency and vaccine efficacy: A mini-review of immunological interplay and evidence across vaccine types.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Targeting toll-like receptors: unveiling potential therapeutic strategies for deep vein thrombosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Development of molecular sensors based on fluorescent proteins for polarized macrophages identification.Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry · 2024Article
- Monocytes and Macrophages in Kidney Disease and Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neutrophils and the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Targeted TLR9 Agonist Elicits Effective Antitumor Immunity against Spontaneously Arising Breast Tumors.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- High Bacillary Burden and the ESX-1 Type VII Secretion System Promote MHC Class I Presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages to CD8 T Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Macrophage: Key player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immune checkpoint blockade in pancreatic cancer: Trudging through the immune desert.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- Trained Immunity Provides Long-Term Protection against Bacterial Infections in Channel Catfish.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Intratumoral immunotherapy relies on B and T cell collaboration.Science immunology · 2022Article
- Blood Bacteria-Free DNA in Septic Mice Enhances LPS-Induced Inflammation in Mice through Macrophage Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal differences between low-grade inflammation and severe exhaustion in LPS-challenged murine monocytes.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Dynamic changes in human THP-1-derived M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization duringFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- A Squalene-Based Nanoemulsion for Therapeutic Delivery of Resiquimod.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- TLR7 is expressed by support cells, but not sensory neurons, in ganglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Bringing Macrophages to the Frontline against Cancer: Current Immunotherapies Targeting Macrophages.Cells · 2021Review
- Nanocages displaying SIRP gamma clusters combined with prophagocytic stimulus of phagocytes potentiate anti-tumor immunity.Cancer gene therapy · 2021Article
- TLR7 Expression Is Associated with M2 Macrophage Subset in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis.Cells · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate receptors recognizing potentially pathogenic material. However, they also play a significant role in the development of Alzheimer's disease, cancer, autoimmunity and the susceptibility to viral infections. Macrophages are essential for an effective immune response to foreign material and the resolution of inflammation. In these studies, we examined the impact of different TLR ligands on macrophage cell function. We demonstrate that stimulation of all TLRs tested increases the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages. TLR7 and TLR9 ligation decreased the levels of the surface co-expression molecules CD86 and MHCII, which was associated with a concomitant reduction in antigen presentation and proliferation of T cells. This down-regulation in macrophage function was not due to an increase in cell death. In fact, exposure to TLR7 or TLR9 ligands promoted cell viability for up to 9 days, in contrast to TLR3 or TLR4. Additionally, macrophages exposed to TLR7/TLR9 ligands had a significantly lower ratio of Il-12/Il-10 mRNA expression compared with those treated with the TLR4 ligand, LPS. Taken together, these data demonstrate that TLR7/TLR9 ligands push the macrophage into a phagocytic long-lived cell, with a decreased capacity of antigen presentation and reminiscent of the M2 polarized state.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.