ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
PML/TRIM19-Dependent Inhibition of Retroviral Reverse-Transcription by Daxx.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oncogenic viral infection triggers LAMP2A SUMOylation and chaperone-mediated autophagy to promote tumorigenesis.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of retroviral regulation: a comparative review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- TRIM23 mediates cGAS-induced autophagy in anti-HSV defense.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The emerging roles of ubiquitin-like modifications in regulating HIV replication and host defense.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- May I Help You with Your Coat? HIV-1 Capsid Uncoating and Reverse Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Capsid-host interactions for HIV-1 ingress.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- Changes in SUMO-modified proteins in Epstein-Barr virus infection identifies reciprocal regulation of TRIM24/28/33 complexes and the lytic switch BZLF1.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- SOX2 downregulation of PML increases HCMV gene expression and growth of glioma cells.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Recruitment of TRIM33 to cell-context specific PML nuclear bodies regulates nodal signaling in mESCs.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Identification of DAXX as a restriction factor of SARS-CoV-2 through a CRISPR/Cas9 screen.Nature communications · 2022Article
- STAT1 and Its Crucial Role in the Control of Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- SUMOylation in Viral Replication and Antiviral Defense.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Review
- The roles and targeting options of TRIM family proteins in tumor.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Review
- HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules.Retrovirology · 2021Review
- Viruses in the Nucleus.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2021Review
- Interplay between RNA Viruses and Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies.Veterinary sciences · 2021Review
- The Roles of TRIMs in Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PML (Promyelocytic Leukemia protein), also known as TRIM19, belongs to the family of tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins. PML is mainly expressed in the nucleus, where it forms dynamic structures known as PML nuclear bodies that recruit many other proteins, such as Sp100 and Daxx. While the role of PML/TRIM19 in antiviral defense is well documented, its effect on HIV-1 infection remains unclear. Here we show that infection by HIV-1 and other retroviruses triggers the formation of PML cytoplasmic bodies, as early as 30 minutes post-infection. Quantification of the number and size of PML cytoplasmic bodies revealed that they last approximately 8 h, with a peak at 2 h post-infection. PML re-localization is blocked by reverse-transcription inhibitors and is not observed following infection with unrelated viruses, suggesting it is specifically triggered by retroviral reverse-transcription. Furthermore, we show that PML interferes with an early step of retroviral infection since PML knockdown dramatically increases reverse-transcription efficiency. We demonstrate that PML does not inhibit directly retroviral infection but acts through the stabilization of one of its well-characterized partners, Daxx. In the presence of PML, cytoplasmic Daxx is found in the vicinity of incoming HIV-1 capsids and inhibits reverse-transcription. Interestingly, Daxx not only interferes with exogenous retroviral infections but can also inhibit retrotransposition of endogenous retroviruses, thus identifying Daxx as a broad cellular inhibitor of reverse-transcription. Altogether, these findings unravel a novel antiviral function for PML and PML nuclear body-associated protein Daxx.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.