ArticleThe ISME journal2016
Inhibitory bacteria reduce fungi on early life stages of endangered Colorado boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas).
Article in The ISME journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanobiosensors: A Potential Tool to Decipher the Nexus Between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Gut Dysbiosis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Differences in composition and potential function of the bacterial communities of cave- and surface-dwelling Mexican salamanders.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Skin microbiomes of frogs vary among body regions, revealing differences that reflect known patterns of chytrid infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The role of family and environment in determining the skin bacterial communities of captive aquatic frogs, Xenopus laevis.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2024Article
- Family shapes microbiome differences in Oklahoma salamanders.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2024Article
- Gene functions of theMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Mr. Toad's Wild Fungi: Fungal Isolate Diversity on Colorado Boreal Toads and their Capacity for Pathogen Inhibition.Fungal ecology · 2023Article
- Associations of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis with skin bacteria and fungi on Asian amphibian hosts.ISME communications · 2023Article
- Ontogeny drives shifts in skin bacterial communities in facultatively paedomorphic salamanders.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors Shape the Skin Bacterial Communities of a Semi-Arid Amphibian Species.Microbial ecology · 2023Article
- The adaptive microbiome hypothesis and immune interactions in amphibian mucus.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2023Review
- Factors Influencing Bacterial and Fungal Skin Communities of Montane Salamanders of Central Mexico.Microbial ecology · 2023Article
- Neotropical Frog Foam Nest's Microbiomes.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Strong restructuration of skin microbiota during captivity challengesFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Host ecology drives frog skin microbiome diversity across ecotone in South-Central North America.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2023Article
- The skin microbiota of the axolotl Ambystoma altamirani is highly influenced by metamorphosis and seasonality but not by pathogen infection.Animal microbiome · 2022Article
- Comparative Analysis of Skin Bacterial Diversity and Its Potential Antifungal Function Between Desert and Pine Forest Populations of Boreal Toads Anaxyrus boreas.Microbial ecology · 2022Article
- Signatures of functional bacteriome structure in a tropical direct-developing amphibian species.Animal microbiome · 2022Article
- Bacterial Biofilm Thickness and Fungal Inhibitory Bacterial Richness Both Prevent Establishment of the Amphibian Fungal Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- In an arms race between host and parasite, a lungworm's ability to infect a toad is determined by host susceptibility not parasite preference.Biology letters · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasingly, host-associated microbiota are recognized to mediate pathogen establishment, providing new ecological perspectives on health and disease. Amphibian skin-associated microbiota interact with the fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), but little is known about microbial turnover during host development and associations with host immune function. We surveyed skin microbiota of Colorado's endangered boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas), sampling 181 toads across four life stages (tadpoles, metamorphs, subadults and adults). Our goals were to (1) understand variation in microbial community structure among individuals and sites, (2) characterize shifts in communities during development and (3) examine the prevalence and abundance of known Bd-inhibitory bacteria. We used high-throughput 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) to characterize bacteria and microeukaryotes, respectively. Life stage had the largest effect on the toad skin microbial community, and site and Bd presence also contributed. Proteobacteria dominated tadpole microbial communities, but were later replaced by Actinobacteria. Microeukaryotes on tadpoles were dominated by the classes Alveolata and Stramenopiles, while fungal groups replaced these groups after metamorphosis. Using a novel database of Bd-inhibitory bacteria, we found fewer Bd-inhibitory bacteria in post-metamorphic stages correlated with increased skin fungi, suggesting that bacteria have a strong role in early developmental stages and reduce skin-associated fungi.
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