ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2016
Soy-Based Infant Formula Feeding and Ultrasound-Detected Uterine Fibroids among Young African-American Women with No Prior Clinical Diagnosis of Fibroids.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and miRNA Expression in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis by Unveiling the Pathways: a Systematic Review.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Pooled it
- Neonatal diethylstilbestrol exposure disrupts uterine epithelial apical-basal polarity and partial EMT state.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Role of Nutrition in Pathogenesis of Uterine Fibroids.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Potential mechanism of Taohong Siwu Decoction in uterine fibroid treatment based on integrated strategy of network pharmacology and experimental verification.Chinese medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Soy-Based Infant Formula Feeding and Uterine Fibroid Development in a Prospective Ultrasound Study of Black/African-American Women.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Developmental exposure to phytoestrogens found in soy: New findings and clinical implications.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Uterine Fibroids and Diet.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Combined Exposure to Multiple Endocrine Disruptors and Uterine Leiomyomata and Endometriosis in US Women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Infant Formula Feeding Changes the Proliferative Status in Piglet Neonatal Mammary Glands Independently of Estrogen Signaling.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Uterine Patterning, Endometrial Gland Development, and Implantation Failure in Mice Exposed Neonatally to Genistein.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Pathology.Toxicologic pathology · 2019Article
- Endocrine disruptor exposure during development increases incidence of uterine fibroids by altering DNA repair in myometrial stem cells.Biology of reproduction · 2018Article
- A Longitudinal Study of Estrogen-Responsive Tissues and Hormone Concentrations in Infants Fed Soy Formula.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Article
- Environmental factors, epigenetics, and developmental origin of reproductive disorders.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2017Review
- A Mouse Model for Studying Nutritional Programming: Effects of Early Life Exposure to Soy Isoflavones on Bone and Reproductive Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Review
- Soy-Based Therapeutic Baby Formulas: Testable Hypotheses Regarding the Pros and Cons.Frontiers in nutrition · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly-life soy phytoestrogen exposure has been shown in Eker rats to increase uterine fibroid incidence in adulthood. Two large epidemiologic cohorts have provided some support for increased fibroid risk with infant soy formula feeding in women, but both cohorts relied on self-report of clinically diagnosed fibroids.
objectiveWe evaluated the relationship between infant soy formula feeding and ultrasound-detected fibroids.
methodsThe Study of Environment, Lifestyle & Fibroids (SELF) is an ongoing cohort study of 1,696 African-American women ages 23-34 years with baseline ultrasound screening to detect and measure fibroids ≥ 0.5 cm in diameter. Questionnaire data on soy formula feeding during infancy was ascertained for 1,553 participants (89% based on mother's report), of whom 345 were found to have fibroids. We estimated the association between soy formula feeding and fibroid prevalence and tumor number using log-binomial regression. Among those with fibroids, we compared fibroid size between soy formula-exposed and unexposed women using multivariable linear regression.
resultsWe did not observe an association between soy formula feeding and fibroid prevalence [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 0.9, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.3]. Nor were exposed women with fibroids more likely to have ≥ 2 tumors than unexposed women with fibroids (aPR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.6). However, exposed women with fibroids had significantly larger fibroids than unexposed women with fibroids. On average, soy formula feeding was associated with a 32% increase in the diameter of the largest fibroid (95% CI: 6%, 65%) and a 127% increase in total tumor volume (95% CI: 12%, 358%).
conclusionsOur observation that women fed soy formula as infants have larger fibroids than unexposed women provides further support for persistent effects of early life phytoestrogen exposure on the uterus. CITATION: Upson K, Harmon QE, Baird DD. 2016. Soy-based infant formula feeding and ultrasound-detected uterine fibroids among young African-American women with no prior clinical diagnosis of fibroids. Environ Health Perspect 124:769-775; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510082.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.